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作业标题:动词时态语态的教案 作业周期 : 2020-09-02 2020-11-20

所属计划:高中英语教学计划

作业要求:

动词时态语态是英语的基本语法,也是英语句法的基础,所以请你写一个教案,直接提交在文本框。不用附件

发布者:王献奇

动词时态语态的教案

提交者:学员韩露    所属单位:沈丘县第三高级中学    提交时间: 2020-10-23 11:07:55    浏览数( 0 ) 【推荐】 【举报】

6讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

 

单句语法填空

单句写作

1.(2019·全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut          (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements ...

答案:have reported 根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。

2.(2018·全国卷)Since 2011, the country          (grow) more corn than rice.

答案:has grown 根据时间状语Since 2011可知,此处应用现在完成时。

3.(2017·全国卷)Sarah          (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.

答案:has been told/was told 根据that从句的时态可知,此处动作应发生在过去,故填现在完成时或一般过去时均可,又根据与主语的关系可知,应用被动语态。

4.(2017·天津高考)I          (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

答案:was driving 此处为be doing ... when ... 结构,根据从句中的found可知,主句应用过去进行时。

5.(2016·全国卷)But now that information is          (be) spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.

答案:being 此句为现在进行时的被动语态,故用being

1.(2018·全国卷)那是周一早上写作课刚刚开始

It was Monday morning, and the writing class                           .

答案:had just begun

2.(2017·全国卷)灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见

Gray wolves once                   here and there in the Yellowstone area.

答案:were seen

3.(2017·全国卷)当夏季到来时他们将邀请学生去采摘新鲜的蔬菜!

When summer          they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables

答案:comes

4.(2016·全国卷)一位妇女看到他正在哭泣告诉他在商店外等候

A woman saw him crying and                                     outside the shop.

答案:told him to wait

5.(2016·全国卷)很多研究都已表明全球变暖已成为一个十分严峻的问题 

Lots of studies                   that global warming                            a very serious problem.

答案:have shown has already become

 

 

考点 1 动词时态的一般体

一般体中的一般现在时一般过去时分别表示现在过去的经常性习惯性动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态;过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作所谓一般体表示既不进行又没完成

 一般现在时

1一般现在时的构成

(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示如果主语为第三人称单数则一般在动词原形后加­s­es其变化规则如下表所示:

情况

规则

例词

一般情况

­s

eateats, riserises

s, sh, ch, xo, z结尾的动词

­es

discussdiscusses teachteaches

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词

yi­es

carrycarries flyflies

(2)be的变化:am, is, are

(3)have的变化:has (第三人称单数)

2一般现在时的用法

(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)

Time and tide wait for no man.

岁月不等人

(2)表示现状性质状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作多用动作动词且常与表频率的时间状语连用

These oranges taste good.

这些橘子味道很好

You must read English often.

你必须时常阅读英文

(3)表示知觉态度感情某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem

All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School.

这里所有的学生都是第一中学的

(4)在时间条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时

I'll write to her when I have time.

我有时间的时候会给她写信

(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时表示按规定计划或安排要发生的动作be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时只用一般现在时

The shop closes at 1100 pm every day.

这个商店每天晚上11点关门

 一般过去时

1一般过去时的构成

(1)一般过去时用动词的过去式构成其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:

情况

规则

例词

一般情况

­ed

packpacked

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词

yi­ed

carrycarried

以一个辅音字母结尾

的重读闭音节动词

双写辅音字母加­ed

planplanned

以不发音的e结尾的动词

直接加­d

likeliked

provideprovided

(2)was用于第一三人称单数were用于其他人称

[注意] 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接加­ed。如playplayed

2一般过去时的用法

(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情动作或状态常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到想到或希望的事

When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.

他年轻的时候经常洗冷水澡

(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时

He told me he read an interesting novel last night.

他告诉我昨晚他读了一本有趣的小说

(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作由以下词语连接常用一般过去时如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute

The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

她一进来就告诉我发生了什么事

(4)常用一般过去时的句型

Why didn't you think of that?

你为什么没想到?

I didn't notice it.

我没注意到

I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.

我忘了告诉你以前我和我哥哥去过那儿

I didn't recognize him.

我没认出他来

 一般将来时

1一般将来时的构成

(1)will/shall+动词原形

(2)is/am/are going to+动词原形

(3)is/am/are about to+动词原形

(4)is/am/are to+动词原形

(5)is/am/are due to+动词原形

(6)某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式

2一般将来时的用法

(1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词原形常与表示将来的时间状语连用如:tomorrow, next week

We will have a meeting tomorrow.

我们明天开会

(2)表示趋向行为的动词即表示动作转换的终止性动词come, go, start, begin, leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时;事物名词meeting, concert, train等作主语时要用一般现在时表示将来

The students are leaving on Sunday.

学生们周日离开

The train leaves at 8 o'clock.

火车八点整开

(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别:

abe going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事必然或很可能发生某事也可用来表示自然现象

The shop is going to open on October 1st.

商店将在十月一日开门(营业)

bbe to do表示按计划安排即将发生的动作还可表示吩咐命令禁止可能性等

A meeting is to be held at 300 o'clock this afternoon.

今天下午3点开会

cbe about to do表示即将正要后面不能接时间状语或状语从句

Autumn harvest is about to start.

秋收就要开始了

[注意] be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来,不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中;而will do则能,表意愿。

If it is finewe'll go fishing.[]

If it is finewe are going to go fishing.[×]

如果天气好,我们去钓鱼。

 过去将来时

1过去将来时的构成

(1)should/would+动词原形

(2)was/were going to+动词原形

(3)was/were about to+动词原形

(4)was/were to+动词原形

(5)某些动词的过去进行时形式

2过去将来时的用法

(1)从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情

He said he would be here at eight o'clock.

他说他将在8点到这里

I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.

我正要睡觉这时有人敲门

I thought it was going to rain.

我当时觉得要下雨

(2)过去本打算做而未做的事情

I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

我本打算要参加聚会但是我突然记起来我有作业要做

We were to have told you, but you were not in.

我们本来想告诉你的但是你不在家

[注意] (1)过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。

(2)某些表示起止或转移的动词,常用过去进行时表示过去将来时。

He told me he was leaving in an hour.

他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。

 

考点 2 动词时态的进行体

1进行体的构成

(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态包括:现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时它们的形式分别为:

现在进行时:am/is/are+现在分词

过去进行时:was/were+现在分词

将来进行时:will/shallbe+现在分词

(2)现在分词的构成形式:

a一般情况直接加­ing如:

trytrying

b以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词要双写辅音字母再加­ing如:

regretregretting

banbanning

c以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加­ing如:

hatehating

datedating

2进行体的用法

(1)表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态具有暂时性和未完成性的特点

I don't really work there; I was just helping out until the new secretary arrived.

我并不在那里上班我只是去帮忙新秘书来了我就离开了(暂时性)

(2)表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情常与these/those daysthis/ that week等时间状语连用

We are making model planes these days.

这些天我们在做飞机模型(此时此刻不一定做)

(3)表示赞赏厌恶遗憾等情绪常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用

He is always thinking of others first.

他总是先想到别人

(4)有些动词的进行体可以表将来(见一般将来时的用法)

3有些动词不用于进行体,常见的有:

分类

例词

感官类

look, smell, sound, taste, see, hear

情感类

like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore

心态类

wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand,

remember, forget, agree, know

状态类

appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have

考点 3 动词时态的完成体

 完成体的构成

考纲对完成体所要求掌握的时态包括:现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时它们的形式分别为:

现在完成时:have/has+过去分词

过去完成时:had+过去分词

将来完成时:will have+过去分词

[温馨提示] 

规则动词的过去分词的构成方法同过去式的构成方法,详见一般过去时部分。

 完成体的用法

1现在完成时

(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语)since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时)for+一段时间since+时间点连用

His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.

他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎

[注意] 非延续性动词leavearrivecomegoreturnjoindiebuyborrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段,since+时间点或how long等状语连用,要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。试比较:

[]I have bought the computer for a year.

[]I have kept the computer for a year.

这台电脑我买了有一年了。

(2)表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果强调的是这个影响或结果常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用

I have just turned off the light.

我刚刚把灯关了

I have already read the book.

我已读过这本书了

(3)用于时间条件状语从句中表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作(用来代替将来完成时)

—When shall we restart our business?

—Not until we have finished our plan.

——什么时候我们重新开始我们的企业?

——直到我们已完成我们的计划

(4)用于现在完成时的固定句型:

aIt/This is/will be the first/second/third ... timethat从句that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时

This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.

这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影

bIt/This is the best/worst/mostadj.+名词+从句从句中的谓语用现在完成时

It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.

这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲

2过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作时间定位是过去的过去句中一般有明确的表示过去的过去的时间状语(从句)by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句)但有时需要通过上下文来判断

By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.

到昨晚9点钟我们已完成了大部分工作

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前

I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.

当公共汽车终于来的时候我已在车站等了30分钟

(3)某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法意为本来期望/认为/打算……”这类动词主要有:expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want

I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that very moment.

我本想去帮你的但当时确实太忙了

(4)常用于过去完成时的固定句型:

ahardly/scarcely ... when ...no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中主句用过去完成时从句用一般过去时意思为…………”

Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than it began to rain.

我一到家就开始下雨

bIt was+一段时间+since从句since从句用过去完成时

It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.

我离开北京至少有三个月了

cIt was the first/second/ ... time(that)从句从句用过去完成时

It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.

这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天

dBy the time ... (表示过去时间的句子)+主句(过去完成时)

By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.

到十岁的时候汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室

3将来完成时

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作经常与before+将来时间by+将来时间连用也可与beforeby the time引导的现在时的从句连用

I will have finished my report by the end of this month.

到本月底我将完成我的报告

 

考点 4 动词时态的完成进行体

对完成进行体高中阶段要求掌握的时态为现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时其形式为:have/has/hadbeendoing

1现在完成进行时

(1)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作这一动作可能刚完成也可能仍在进行具有持续性和未完成性该时态多用于延续性动词

The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

从上午9点开始经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目

(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行而是在断断续续地重复但一定强调对现在的影响

I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.

我得去看医生因为最近我一直咳嗽得厉害

2过去完成进行时

(1)表示在过去某一时间之前一直在进行的动作或存在的状态

I had been looking for it for days before I found it.

这东西我找了好多天才找着

(2)表示在过去某段时间内反复发生的动作

She had been trying to find a job, but hadn't found one yet.

她当时一直设法找工作但仍没找到

 

考点 5 几组易混时态的区别

1一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事与现在没有关系且过去时间是可以具体确定的与其他时间没有牵连;现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系或是对现在有影响比较下面几组句子体会两种时态的不同:

()()现在他仍在军中服役,他仍然是名军人(He has served in the army for 12 years.)

()()饭了,因为我饱了(强调过去的动作对现在的影响,就是我用不着再吃)

()()对现在的影响(以前看过,强调现在知道这部电影的内容,说明了)

2一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别

(1)一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况而过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事

He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school.

他来这个学校之前就已经学了3,000个英语单词了

(2)过去完成时的时间状语常用bybefore引导的短语或句子表示by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子(一般过去时)

He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.

到上个月底为止他已经写完这本书了

3过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别

现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作比较下面的说法:

()()现在仍然病着(She has been ill for a week.)

 

考点 6 动词的被动语态

动词的被动语态的构成方式为be+过去分词口语中也用get/become+过去分词表示被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)

1使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题

(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.

I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.

我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书

(2)主动变为被动时宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)

The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long (by the boss)

老板让他整天都工作

(3)短语动词变被动语态时勿要掉尾巴

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

你应该注意你的发音和拼写

(4)情态动词 be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

我们可以在两天内修好这块手表

(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时被动语态有两种形式:

a谓语动词用被动语态动词不定式作主补

bit作形式主语真正的主语用主语从句来表示

People say he is a smart boy.

He is said to be a smart boy.

It is said that he is a smart boy.

据说他是个聪明的男孩

People know paper was made in China first.

Paper was known to be made in China first.

It is known that paper was made in China first.

众所周知纸最先在中国被制造

类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...

2不能用被动语态的几种情况

(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态

(2)表示状态的谓语动词如:last, hold, contain, fit, cost

(3)表示归属的动词have, own, belong to

(4)表示希望意图喜好的动词如:wish, want, hope, like, love, hate

(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态不能用被动语态

(6)宾语是同源宾语不定式动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态

3主动形式表被动含义

(1)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时;当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词表示主语(通常为物)的内在品质性能时;当动词表示开始结束启动等意思时

The fish smells good.

鱼闻起来味道不错

This kind of cloth washes easily.

这种布料好洗

These novels won't sell well.

这些小说不畅销

My pen writes smoothly.

我的钢笔书写流畅

The door won't lock.

这门无法关上

(2)happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等动词(短语)表示发生制定等意思时

The plan worked out successfully.

计划成功实施了

How did the crazy situation come about?

这种疯狂局面是如何发生的?

(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义

The plants want watering daily.

这些花草需要天天浇水

(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义

This idea is well worth considering.

这个想法很值得考虑

(5)be+形容词+to do不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语用主动形式表示被动含义

This kind of water isn't fit to drink.

这种水不适合饮用

The girl isn't easy to get along with.

这个女孩不易相处

[注意] be to blame (受谴责)be to rent (出租)也用主动形式表被动意义。

4被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况

be seated 坐着;be hidden 躲藏;be lost 迷路;be drunk 喝醉;be dressed 穿着

5被动语态与系表结构的区别

此处的系表结构指连系动词+用作表语的过去分词结构它与被动语态的形式完全一样要注意它们的区别:被动语态强调动作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态

The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)

这本书在某一家书店出售

The book is well sold. (系表结构)

这本书卖得好

 

考点 7 主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致一般遵循三个原则即语法一致原则意义一致原则和就近一致原则还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性

1语法一致原则

(1)当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定在这样的句子里这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式它们在句子里其实是状语

The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会

My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.

我父亲和他的同事们去过北京

(2)lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致

A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.

很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校

A great deal of water is polluted every year.

每年大量的水被污染

quantities/amounts of修饰名词时谓语动词用复数形式

Quantities of information are available on the Internet.

在网上可得到大量的信息

(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定;如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子从句中的谓语动词用单数

Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.

在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造

He married Mary, which was very natural.

他娶了玛丽这是很自然的事

(4)倒装句强调句中的主谓一致

a倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致即谓语后面的主语是单数动词用单数;谓语后面的主语是复数动词用复数

A building stands in front of us.

In front of us stands a building.

我们面前矗立着一栋楼

Rows of fruit trees were on either side.

On either side were rows of fruit trees.

在每一边都有一排排的果树

b在强调句中如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语引导词that(who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致

I am a doctor.

It is I who am a doctor.

我是一名医生

He is a doctor.

It is he who is a doctor.

他是一名医生

2就近一致原则

(1)or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致

Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.

不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐

Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it.

孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事

(2)There be句型及Here开头的句子中有两个或几个并列主语时谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致

There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.

桌子上有一支钢笔两把小刀和几本书

There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.

桌子上有两把小刀一支钢笔和几本书

3意义一致原则

(1)and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时谓语动词须用单数形式

Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.

她的老师和朋友们都在客厅

The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品

(2)no/each/every/many a+单数名词+andno/each/every/many a+单数名词作主语谓语动词用单数

Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.

每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会

(3)动词不定式动名词和从句作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式

To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.

学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难

That he has won the game is known to us all.

他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事

Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.

夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力


What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.

他们需要的是钱而我们最需要的是教科书

(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况:

athe rest, the remaining/part ...plenty of, a great deal of等+主语谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定

 

The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.

讲座的前半部分很生动但后半部分非常枯燥

b分数百分数指代或修饰名词时谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致

About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读

10(○)Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.

昨天只干了60%的活

[注意] population由分数或百分数修饰时,谓语动词用复数。

Two­thirds of population have been killed in the accident.

在这次事故中有2/3的人丧生。

(5)a number of+复数名词表示许多……”作主语时谓语动词用复数;the number of+复数名词表示“……的数量作主语时谓语动词用单数

A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.

这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。

The number of days in February this year is 28.

今年二月份的天数是二十八天

(6)集体名词作主语时若被看作一个整体谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有:family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience

The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.

这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

The class are doing experiments.

全班学生都在做实验

[注意] (1)peoplecattlepolice等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数形式。

(2)单复数同形的名词,如:deersheepfishmeansworksChinese等作主语时,要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

(7)表示时间距离重量金额等的复数名词作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式

Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.

对于一个男孩来说3,000美元是一笔大数目

(8)­s/­ics结尾的学科名词physics, politics等及news作主语时谓语动词用单数形式

Bad news travels quickly.

[谚语]坏事传千里

 

误区 句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语

(1)【误】The windows broken.

【正】The windows are/were broken.

[分析] 窗户应为被打破故应用被动语态如直接用过去分词broken句子则缺少谓语成分此处也可将broken看作过去分词转化的形容词作表语

(2)【误】Today, the number of people learn English is increasing rapidly in China.

【正】Today, the number of people who learn English is increasing rapidly in China.

【正】Today, the number of people learning English is increasing rapidly in China.

[分析] 一个句子中只能有一个谓语如出现两个(或两个以上)的谓语须将另外出现的动词改为非谓语动词形式或用从句进行表述

误区 中式英语比比皆是

(1)【误】I very like listen music and every day I also will see some newspapers.

【正】I like listening to music very much and every day I read some newspapers as well. (习惯性动作用一般现在时)

[分析] 修饰动词like应用副词(短语)like后应加动名词或不定式而不能直接跟动词原形;看报纸在英语中用read而不用see此为习惯表达

(2)【误】I don't know I should do what.

【正】I don't know what I should do.

[分析] know后为宾语从句what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语引导词应放于从句句首注意中英表达中语序的差异

(3)【误】Our village has taken place great changes.

【误】Great changes have been taken place in our village.

【正】Great changes have taken place in our village.

[分析] take place为不及物动词短语主语应是而非且不能用于被动语态

误区 动词时态曲折变化的误用

(1)【误】She promised that she will not let out the plan to the press.

【正】She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.

[分析] 在宾语从句中主从句的时态要保持前后一致本句主句是一般过去时故从句也要用相应的过去将来时态

(2)【误】To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and sent it back to us.

【正】To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and send it back to us.

[分析] 根据语境以及and可知sent应与complete保持一致sent改为send

(3)【误】By the time you will arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.

【正】By the time you arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.

[分析] by the time后的时间状语从句一般用现在时表将来

(4)【误】The detective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he saw it somewhere before.

【正】The detective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he had seen it somewhere before.

[分析] 分析语境可知see所表示的动作发生在过去的过去故用过去完成时

(5)【误】Nancy is not coming tonight. But she has promised!

【正】Nancy is not coming tonight. But she promised!

[分析] 根据语境南希答应要来可知promise所表示的动作发生在过去与现在时间无关故用一般过去时

误区 动词语态曲折变化的误用

(1)【误】The book which had been lost returned to the library.

【正】The book which had been lost was returned to the library.

[分析] return是及物动词句子的主语The book与之构成被动关系表示被归还returned前加was

(2)【误】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has been become too commercial in recent years.

【正】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial in recent years.

[分析] become意为变得变成不及物动词不能使用被动语态

误区 主谓一致中常见的误用

(1)【误】My dream school look like a big garden.

【正】My dream school looks like a big garden.

[分析] 主语My dream school是单数故谓语动词也应该用单数形式

(2)【误】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who were awarded.

【正】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.

[分析] 本句中的中心词是the only one因此定语从句中谓语动词的数需要根据the only one而定

(3)【误】The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.

【正】The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.

[分析] 当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时其谓语动词的形式要依其前面主语的单复数而定本句主语为The teacher

(4)【误】Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.

【正】Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.

[分析] not only ... but also ... 连接并列主语时谓语遵循就近一致原则

(5)【误】Among all my friends are a special one I'm most grateful to.

【正】Among all my friends is a special one I'm most grateful to.

[分析] 此句是倒装句主语a special one是单数形式故谓语动词也用单数形式

 

1.单句语法填空

—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We          (wait) here for more than two hours.

Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I          (leave) my book in the café.

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds          (hold) everywhere since ancient times.

Long ago Hongbao          (see) as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.

—You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong?

—I hate to complain, but a new road          (build) throughout the night.

It is reported that his new book          (publish) by that company next year.

How close parents are to their children          (have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.

It took a long time but eventually the dog          (stop) barking and the man was able to touch it.

The famous musician, as well as his students,          (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

Modern teaching equipment as well as tens of computers          (send) to the village school last week.

答案:have been waiting had left have been held was seen was being built will be published has stopped was invited was sent

2单句写作

我承诺始终支持你

I promise I                you all the time.

昨天你给我打电话的时候我正在看电视

I                TV when you                  yesterday.

——抱歉飞机上禁止吸烟

——我不知道我不会再那样做了

—I'm sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight.

—Oh, I              that. Sorry, I              it again.

尽管前期有几轮磋商但到目前为止双方仍未达成一致意见

Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement                      so far by the two sides.

明天这个时候我会坐在桌子旁

At this time tomorrow, I                  at the table.

这个国家的三分之一被树木覆盖大多数居民是黑人

One­third of the country                trees and the majority of the citizens          black people.

这里一座新电影院正在建设中他们希望下个月能竣工

A new cinema                  here. They hope to finish it next month.

我们学校和几个兄弟学校下个月将进行另一次联考

Our school along with many other brother middle schools          take another joint test next month.

在确定这个手提包属于她之后这位男士将它归还给了她

The man          the handbag after he made sure it              her.

最近三十年参与健身的人的数量快速增加

During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs                sharply.

答案:will support was watching; rang me up didn't know; won't do has been reached will be sitting is covered with; are is being built is to returned; belonged to has increased

 


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批阅者:工作坊坊主 王献奇
批阅时间:2020-10-31 16:34:43

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