浅析英语新高考概要写作之答题策略

德强高中  姜珊

每年的高考题都充分体现英语学科素养及课标的要求，使学生具有理想信念，社会责任感，文化素养和沟通合作能力。

研究近几年的概要写作高考真题，可以让自己的思维尽可能的接近高考命题人的思维，掌握高考试题的命题特点，形成解答思路，借助高考真题，实现和高考的无缝对接。

两次高考对比分析

2018年11月浙江省高考试题概要写作真题

一、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园）like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.

There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!

If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.

Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.

二、抓住短文大意，分析体裁特点

本文是说明文，分为4个段落，第一段是分析文章的难点，首句“It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.”提出问题“因为网上信息大同小异，申请大学之前要参观校园”。尾句“do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right decision.” 呼应首句“（因为参观校园）做出大量调查研究，（在申请大学之前）你可以做出正确的选择”，其中“do all the research”与首句中的“visit colleges”构成因果关系；“making the right decision” 与首句中的“before you apply to colleges” 构成条件关系。从而，第一段形成一条完整的信息链“before you apply to colleges→visit colleges→do all the research→make the right decision”，既导出全文的主题句（Topic sentence），提出问题“申请理想大学，如何做出正确决策”， 又推出支撑信息的支持句（Supporting sentences）“要亲自参观才有切身感受”。

接下来的三段要关注语篇信息的逻辑结构，三个If条件句表明选择关系，文章层层深入，脉络清晰，作者考虑在不同情况和条件下，给读者不同的解决策略或具体方法。

本文以问题为中心，积极探讨不同条件下的解决方法和策略，是一个典型的“问题解决模式”。把握了篇章类型与模式，我们就能较快锁定文章主旨，理清文章脉络，确定需要纳入概要写作的主要内容信息，其基本结构如下表：

三、明确段落主旨，画出思维导图

四、定位概写要点，划出关键词句

五、注重行文连贯，赏析高分习作

【习作】①Applying to colleges is a crucial decision in your life. ②It is assumed to be a sensible alternative to visit the colleges you want to attend in advance, especially those within easy reach. ③If visits are unavailable before application, spare hesitation to do it during the gap time between applying and being admitted. ④In case of limitation of time or money, accessing the online college fairs, a superb free platform, helps acquaint you with the colleges you desire.

〖点评〗这篇概要习作与原始文本的贴合度高、语句的创新性强、语篇的连贯性好，主要体现在：

第①句要点1为文章的主旨句，明确主题，统领全文。第②句将同类的要点2和要点3进行合并，一句多点，体现高超的概括能力。第③句的“unavailable before application” 和“the gap time between…”对要点4的理解准确，提炼精准。第④句的“limitation”、“accessing the online college fairs”和“free platform”简要、客观而忠实地概述要点5。五个要点逻辑清晰，层次分明，既相对独立又相互协调。

语言上能完全用自己的语言去表达原文的本质信息，摆脱原文词汇和句型在语言形式上的束缚，通过“crucial”“alternative”“unavailable”实现同义或反义词替换，“It is assumed to…”、 “spare hesitation to do”“acquaint sb with sth”实现句型转换，“gap time”“limitation”上义词的高度概括浓缩，压缩长句形成第②句的“especially those within easy reach”，这些概要释义技巧游刃有余，且诠释准确，语法灵活，词汇丰富高级，反映了作者语言功底较深厚。

结构上 “crucial decision”和“sensible alternative”，“visit the colleges you want to attend”和“acquaint you with the colleges you desire” 这些语义逻辑密切的相关词的复现，形成语义连贯。第③句的if…和第④句的in case of…使上下文衔接紧密。全文结构紧凑一体，内容连贯一致。

2019年6月浙江省高考卷概要写作真题

一、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

   Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.

   Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

   So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”

   Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate（相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.

二、抓住短文大意，分析体裁特点

这篇文章原文出自WebMD.http://www.webmd.com网站，是美国最大的医疗健康服务网站，为病人和医生建立了一个网上了解和交流医疗信息的通道，拥有全球最丰富的健康医疗咨询，汇集全美医师的临床报告和最新最完整的各种医疗资料库。本文的主题“人与社会---家庭教育”，语篇类型属于议论文, 分为4个段落，结构严谨，权威性和科学性很强。

文章前两段分别提出现象“对孩子过度赞扬和过少赞扬”，并驳斥这两种现象，分析其后果。第三段专家解释何谓正确的表扬方式，第四段作者建议最重要的是表扬过程而不是结果。

本文以现象和问题为中心，在批驳错误论点的同时，阐明了专家的主张和自己的建议，是一个典型的“先破后立模式”，其基本结构如下表：

三、明确段落主旨，画出思维导图

四、定位概写要点，划出关键词句

五、注重行文连贯，赏析高分习作

【习作】Excessive praise may be counter-productive—kids are promoted on the summit, unwilling to take up challenges(要点1). Nevertheless, lacking praise, kids will be more likely to lose confidence to accomplish their achievement.(要点2) Experts assert that parents’ emphasis should be put on not the outcome but the effort their children make in the process.(要点3) No matter what kids do, praise should be varied from specific case and be correspond to kids' effort.(要点4)

〖点评〗 内容上能去芜存菁，披沙拣金，抓住主题句或关键信息，涵盖全部要点，大胆省略事例和剔除细节。要点1中“counter-productive产生相反效果的”与原文“backfire适得其反”高度吻合，且概括性强；破折号解释说明，简洁明了。要点2中“lacking praise”体现作者高超的概括能力，并与要点1“Excessive praise”相呼应。要点3“not the outcome but the effort”理解准确，提炼精准，“the effort their children make in the process”客观而忠实地概述原文要义。要点4 要剔除举例性的信息，并且“praise should be varied from specific case and be correspond to kids' effort”诠释准确，语法灵活。四个要点逻辑清晰，层次分明，既相对独立又相互协调。

语言上能完全用自己的语言去表达原文的本质信息，摆脱原文词汇和句型在语言形式上的束缚，释义技巧游刃有余，词汇丰富高级，反映了作者语言功底较深厚。

本篇习作内容完整，要点齐全，释义精准，语言丰富，逻辑连贯，衔接自然，脉络清楚，结构紧凑，语气和结构与原文相似度高，是一篇不可多得的优秀作品。