2016-11-04 发布者：章敏 浏览数( -)
高考英语阅读理解专题
解题技巧与方法指导
一、《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)英语考试大纲的说明》要求
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告、等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
1．理解主旨和要义
任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。
2．理解文中具体信息
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
3．根据上下文推断生词的词义
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
4．作出简单判断和推理
阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。
5．理解文章的基本结构
英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度
每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。
二、考生在高考英语阅读理解中存在的主要问题
1. 读完文章后缺乏对文章的整体把握，头脑中只有零散的信息或模糊的概念。
2. 信息捕捉不准，做题凭感觉，缺乏依据。很大程度受母语因素干扰。许多学生看到一段信息后，总是习惯逐字逐句翻译成汉语后才能继续阅读。因而影响了阅读理解程度，减缓了速度，减少了阅读的流畅性，有时把文章的大意弄得支离破碎。
3. 对于能捕捉到的信息，缺乏必要的处理能力，经常断章取义。句法知识缺陷。对学生来说，来自于句法的障碍更大。由于他们对句子结构的感知能力较差，使大脑注意力较长时间停留在理解的过程中，迟迟无法有效地获取句子语义以及特定意境中的意义，造成信息中断，从而影响了阅读能力，导致对文章不能作出正确的理解、判断和选择。
4. 遇到难题心理紧张，思维混乱；遇到容易题时，又往往掉以轻心，跌入命题者设下的陷阱。
5. 词汇基础不牢。阅读过程中遇到生词是无法避免的，有的学生往往由于英语词汇基础不扎实，对大纲中规定掌握的单词、词组以及习语等辨别不清，常造成理解困难，形成阅读障碍。
6. 背景知识障碍。背景知识是理解特定语篇所必备的外部世界知识。学生在无背景知识的情况下，很难对阅读材料达到深层次的理解和把握。许多人由于缺乏必要的社会文化知识、科普知识、逻辑推理知识等，对有些句子的理解不是局限于字面，就是犯望文生义的错误。
三、高考英语阅读理解解题策略和技巧
下面我们选用一些高考阅读理解题作为例题，针对同学们在做英语阅读理解题中存在的一些误区，具体谈一谈如何掌握正确的阅读策略和技巧，从而有效避免做阅读理解题时容易出现的失误，提高我们的做题成功率。
1．概括主旨、理清脉络、体会段落之间内在联系，做好主旨归纳题和主题判定题
主旨归纳题和主题判定题是高考阅读理解的必考题型，具有较高的难度和区分度，在近三年广东卷高考的4篇阅读理解(共20小题)中约占有2-3小题左右(2011年广东高考中的30、45小题；2012年广东高考中的30、45题；2013年广东高考中的31、35、45小题，其中31题为段落主旨题)。
提问方式：
1) Which is the best title/ main topic of the passage?
2) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
3) The passage is meant to ______.
4) This passage mainly talks about_______.
5) The general/main idea of the passage is about ____.
6) The purpose of this article is to ________.
7) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
8) The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.
考生在做主旨归纳题和主题判定题时常犯的错误有：
(1) 以偏概全。做题时全凭自我感觉先入为主、主观武断自以为是、所选的答案往往超出文章的内容或背离作者的意图或观点。
(2) 过于笼统。做题时要么抓不住文章的主题、脉络、理解偏离中心，或信息紊乱，不知所云，要么就是以偏概全，误把细节或具体事实当作文章的主题。
(3)不注意文章标题的特点，所选答案语言不够凝练，精彩。
(4)把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。
那么，怎样才能抓住文章的中心和主线，做好主旨归纳和主题判定题呢？
【策略指导】
(1)理清文章的逻辑和脉络
任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。读完一篇短文后应该有意识地回顾一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下文章中段与段之间的内在联系，这样一来，就能概括出文章的中心意思，涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变成清晰。
(2)找出全文或段落的主题句(topic sentence)
认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。新闻报导往往用文首第一句话来概括该篇新闻的内容，然后再详细叙述。说明文或议论文往往用主题句来体现文章或段落的中心，它有时出现在篇(段)首，有时隐含于整个文章(段落)中间，当然有时也可能没有主题句，需要结合上下文的推理归纳，细心体会。
(3)抓中心词汇
文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。有些文章围绕着某一个中心写时，这个中心词往往多次出现。
例题1
(2013广东) Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.
However, to success in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love…
When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost…
Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out…
31. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ____.
A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success
C. the standards of success D. the importance of success
35. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. Having a goal is vital to success. B. Being good is different from being great.
C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.
例题2
(2012广东) Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.
An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Television viewers are determined by male viewers
B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies
C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television
D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events
例题3
(2013年广东)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked…her typing style was analyzed…
In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education…
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” …
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular…
Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a range list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters…As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
45. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. The Advantages of Online Exams
B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses
C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education
D. The War against the Booming of Online Education
例题4
(2012年广东) “Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me…
“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door…
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates…
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you,…
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting…While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom.B. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture.
C. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting.
D. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation.
【技巧总结】 我们在归纳文章主题时，一定要注意答案选项所涉及的概念的外延和内涵必须能恰如其分地概况文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当作主题。阅读时我们还应注意捕捉文章中出现频率较高的中心词汇和全文和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时，还应注意英语文章标题在措词上的特点—凝练和醒目。
2．快速准确捕捉信息词句，做好细节理解题
细节理解题是高考英语阅读中所占比例较大的一个基础题型。在近三年广东卷高考的4篇阅读理解(共20小题)中约占有一半多(2013年广东高考中占9小题；2012、2011年均占13小题)，如果我们想在高考中取得理想的成绩，首先应该保证这种基础题型的准确率。
提问方式
这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如：
(1)Which of the following statements is true / NOT true / false, according to the passage?
(2)Which of the following statements is (not)
correct?
(3)In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned?
(4)All the following statements are not true EXCEPT ______.
(5)All the statements are true EXCEPT_____.
(6)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?
有时文章读懂了，但做题时不知从何入手去获得必要的信息支持。怎样才能做好细节理解题呢？
【策略指导】
(1)先浏览题目，把题目的要求储存在大脑中，带着疑问快速阅读，然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解和分析，去芜存菁、去伪存真。此种办法能有效避免细节理解题的失误。
(2)准确完整地捕捉信息。你所捕捉的信息必须是做题所需要的，必要时用笔把文中的所需信息划出来，做到文题对应。
(3)对信息进行合理的分析，切忌机械照搬。有些高考细节理解题不是文章信息的直接体现，而是在题目中做了一些变化，这些变化往往表现为：所设答案与原文信息只是意义内涵的统一，而不是语言形式的完全一致；所设答案是对文章信息的综合与概括，而不是简单的信息组合。
例题5
（2013广东）The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume, but finally she agreed.
The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off… And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
28. When Tom went for the third operation, he ________. （问做了何事）
A. pretended to be painful B. acted like a superhero
C. appeared in poor spirits D. argued with his mother
例题6
(2011广东) In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.
26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.(问时间)
A. they offer their help B. they receive others’ help
C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness
27. The author feels sad sometimes because ______. (问原因)
A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
例题7
（2011广东）In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
41. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.
A. It makes the world warmer B. it consumes natural resources
C. it brings severe damage to forests D. it makes growth hard to continue
【技巧总结】 准确捕捉信息，并对其进行综合分析，分清主次真伪，避免受选项中虚假信息的干扰，陷入命题者所设下的“陷阱”，因为某些干扰项在文章中也能或多或少找到一点“依据”，具有很强的干扰性。干扰选项的特点：部分正确，部分错误；是原文信息，但是不是题目要求的内容；符合常识，但不是文章内容；与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度或范围上有些变动。
3．严密推理、合理想象，做好推理判断题
推理判断题是高考阅读理解中比较有难度的题目，近年来阅读理解题中推理判断题所占比重已经增加。在近三年广东卷高考的4篇阅读理解(共20小题)中2013年广东高考占5题；2012年占2题；2011年占4题。
提问方式
这类试题的题干中常含infer（推断）, suggest(暗示), imply(暗示), indicate(暗示), conclude(得出结论), be likely to…等词语。常见的提问方式有：
1. It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .
2. We can infer/conclude from the passage that ______.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
5. The writer suggests/implies that . 6. The story implies that .
7. We can see /infer /conclude from the passage that .
8. From the text we know that …is most likely .
9. When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is .
10. After reading the passage we may conclude that ______.
11. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
我们做推理判断时失误的原因主要有：
(1)把文章中已经明确介绍或说明的内容误以为成推理判断的结论。
(2)凭主观想象或自己的常识理解文章中的细节，而不是凭借文章信息进行推理，缺乏文章信息的支持。
(3)能够找到文章的信息依据，但断章取义或片面理解，缺乏思维的严密性。
【策略指导】
做推理判断题时要时时注意深层含义通常是隐藏在文字后面的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意图、倾向、语气、人物的性格、心理、情感、故事的结局、事情的因果关系等。因此我们要调动逻辑思维能力，透过字里行间，去严密推理，合理想象。
例题8
（2013广东）Fred Epstein…tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.
The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume, finally she agreed.
The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
27. What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?
A. She was a rich lady. B. She refused Tom’s request.
C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero. D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.
例题9
（2013广东）When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.
34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A. Successful people like to show their great skills.
B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.
C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.
D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.
【技巧总结】 隐含信息并非“空穴来风”而是“有源之水”，即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载体的。我们要调动自己的各种智力因素，准确捕捉信息进行严密推理，合理想象，切勿“凭空想象”或“断章取义”。在阅读理解中结合自己的常识判断是必要的，但决不能以常识判断取代信息分析。推理判断既要严谨，又要灵活。时时注意文章的内涵和外延，有些推理结论隐含在文章的字里行间，有些推理结论外延于文章之外。
4．结合语境分析和上下文的联系做好语义/词义理解题
语义/词义理解题是高考阅读理解中的必有题型，具有一定的区分度。在近三年广东卷高考的4篇阅读理解(共20小题)中约占有1-2小题左右(2013年广东高考中的32、42小题；2012、2011年分别考查了1小题)，语义/词义理解题可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语甚至是一个短句的意义推断；既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断和理解。
提问方式
(1)What does the underlined word “…” refer to?
(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
(3)According to the passage, ... probably means________.
(4)The underlined phrase “…”most probably means________.
(5)The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ______.
(6)What does “…” in the last two paragraphs stand for?
(7) “…” as used in the text means ______.
(8)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
考生在做语义/词义理解题时常犯的错误有：
(1)望文生义，仅仅理解了单词或短语的字面意义，而忽略了其真实的内在意义。
(2)推断缺乏依据，忽视划线词语所处的特定语境和上下文的信息提示。
【策略指导】 在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语，指示代词和句子的猜测。其应试技巧作如下简单介绍：
(1)同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。
(2)反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect, 甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
(3)释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
(4)情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。
(5)代词替代法：一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
例题10
（2013广东）However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10.000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.
32. In paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to _______.
A. putting in more time. B. setting a practical goal.
C. being good at something. D. succeeding in life
例题11
（2013广东）In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
42. The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. advanced technique B. sharpening tool
C. dividing line D. effective rule
例题12
（2012广东）Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style.
33. The word “copper-bottomed” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. basic B. reliable C. surprising D. interesting
例题13
（2011广东）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly
【技巧总结】 意思生僻，难以猜测的单词、短语往往出现在结构复杂的句子中，这正是议论文和说明文的文体特征之一，也是造成我们在做题时出现心理紧张的原因。遇到这种问题时，我们应该冷静下来，结合文章所说明或议论的中心话题，抓住主干，层层理解。
5. 准确理解作者的意图、观点和态度
在近三年广东卷高考的4篇阅读理解(共20小题)中约占有1-2小题左右(2013年广东高考考查了1小题，2012年2小题，2011年1小题)，这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：
1) The author seems to think that ______.2) The writer writes this text to ______.
3) The author wants to appeal to _______ .
4) The writer is trying to present a point of view in ______.
5) The author’s tone would be best described as _______ .
6) What is the author’s opinion of ______?
7) What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
考生在做此类题时容易错选吻合自己看法的选项。干扰项具有三个特点：
(1)可能是考生自己的某种观点。(2)社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有信息支持。
(3)与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等。
【策略指导】
1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
例题14
（2013广东）Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein…came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.
…
The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only; we all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, “If you can dream it, you can do it.”
It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.
30. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To tell us an interesting story. B. To help us make right decisions.
C. To advise us to care about children. D. To encourage us to use our imagination.
6. 理解文章的基本结构
要求考生理解文章的基本结构是高考阅读理解题中的一个新考点。（广东自主命题以来未考到）文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，或是前因后果，或是平铺直叙，或是前后通过某条主线按逻辑构成一个整体。文章的结构与作者的写作手法有关，因此有关写作手法的题，我们也归为这一类。
提问方式
1. The passage is developed mainly by________.
2. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
【策略指导】
1. 了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提：①时空顺序。按时间先后叙述某一事物，或说明某一研究成果由过去至现在的发展情况，或按空间顺序说明某一事物。②总分顺序。首段作总的概括，其他段落分别加以说明或具体论述首段的观点。③分总顺序。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。④对比。这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主题。
2. 概括各段内容的主旨，然后分析相互之间的逻辑关系。
例题15
（2013江西）When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple…
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster; it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I ear for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites… Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful…
63. The second paragraph is developed mainly ______.
A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast
四、快速提升英语阅读，需要养成的十个好习惯
1.不要反复浏览。凡是科技读物，一般只须顺着读一遍即可。如有必要，也要等整篇读完之后，再回过头重复某项内容。避免眼睛不断地来回转动。
2.采用“筛选”式阅读法。有意识地为涉猎专业所需的信息而读。
3.要默读，不要朗读。发声的阅读是快速法的大敌。
4.阅读时，视线应与读物成垂直线，并充分发挥视线的“余光”作用，多览到一些内容。
5.要聚精会神地阅读。快速阅读必须有“强化”的注意力。
6.提倡有理解地阅读。阅读时，抓住实质性的关键词。读物的内容实质，正是阅读时应弄通的重点。理解，就是探索出读物的思想意义。
7.在阅读中，运用要领记忆的基本方法，有目的地去记。不必去记无关紧要的词句，却要记住作者意图及内容实质。
8.学会运用多种形式的学习法，不断提高阅读速度。
9.经常训练自己的阅读能力，便能巩固已经取得的成果。
10. 适当练习限时阅读，提高阅读速度。力争25分钟完成4篇文章。
五、课后提高阅读理解的建议：
1．文化背景知识
文化背景包括政治、经济、社会、科学技术、天气情况、地理环境、人物的性格特点及知识水平等各个方面。如果背景知识丰富，阅读起来轻而易举；如果背景知识贫乏，阅读起来就感到困难，甚至理解不了。例如让同学们阅读一篇关于社会热点方面的英语文章，如果同学们对这些热点事情的背景不清楚，阅读起来就会摸不着头脑。由此可见，文化背景知识是进行阅读理解的助手，考生一定要注意平时的积累。
2. 生活经验常识
阅读理解的能力一般随着生活经验的丰富而不断提高。例如由于小孩还没有成年人的知识和经验，他们还看不懂成年人的文章，他们自然也就不喜欢成年人的读物；人们对于自己所经历的事情一看就能明白，读起来也就有兴趣，而对于陌生领域的文章就感到困难。因此，同学们在平时要多积累生活经验。
3. 习语及固定搭配知识
每一种语言都有自己的习惯用语和固定搭配。一般情况下，这些用语和固定搭配是不能单从字面上来理解的，英语也是如此。如 eat one’s words的意思并不是“食言，说话不算数”而是“收回前言，为说错话而道歉”；break one’s words 的意思才是“食言，失言”。又如，如果把 have words with sb理解为“跟某人谈话”，那么就错了，它的意思是“跟某人吵嘴”；而 have a word / talk with sb 的意思才是“跟某人谈话”。因此，这就要求同学们在平日的英语学习中必须进行广泛的阅读，积累、掌握英语中的习语及固定搭配。
4. 学科综合知识
高考英语阅读理解方面的短文不仅包括社会生活、政治经济、文化教育各方面的知识，而且也包括历史、地理、物理、化学、生物、电脑技术。