当前位置 :项目首页 > 拓展资源 > 正文

教学目标

1. Knowledge aim: Help the students master some basic knowledge in developing the topic sentence.

2. Ability aim:  Enable the students to improve their writing skills of developing the topic sentence.

3. Emotion aim: Enable the students to share opinions and learn from others thus to find out and perfect themselves, meanwhile to develop their interest in developing the topic sentence.

教学重点

Get the students to have a deeper understanding of the writing skills when developing the topic sentence.

教学难点

1. Some techniques to develop the topic sentence are difficult to master. 
2. Put the techniques into real use.

教法与学法

   Task-based teaching and learning, group discussion

教学用具

  Multi-media and blackboard

教学过程&设计意图

Step I  Greeting & Warming up 

（Everyday English: the words that encourage me）(2MINS)

1. Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself.

生命的意义并非发现自己，而是创造自己。

2. Creativity takes courage.

创造力需要勇气。

设计意图：通过大声朗读并背诵精选的 “鼓励我的英语句子” 激发学生的学习热情，激活学生的背景知识，为写作积累素材。

Step II  Lead in（5MINS）

1. Compare two replies to a mom and tell which one is better. 

A: After reading your letter, I feel very sorry and I don’t know it made you so worried.

B: After reading your letter, I was deeply moved by your sincere words and my gratitude for you is beyond words. You love me from the bottom of your heart and care about me so much that you point out my mistakes straightly without hesitation to help me tell which is the most important thing to do.

2. Discussion: Which one is better? Why?

Q1: Why did you feel sorry? And what made mom worried?

Q2: What are the similarities and differences between A & B?

Similarities:

A and B share the same topic sentence: what do you feel after reading the letter from your mom.

Differences: B is more specific than A.

3、Task: underline the topic sentences of paragraph 2-4 and then tell the relationship between topic sentences and supporting sentences.

The passage is about a 17-year-old student named Logan Koshenka. He liked to make money on his own and met with one failure after another, but finally he has become successful and gains a handsome income.

    After reading the story, I am greatly touched by Logan. As a student, it’s hard to be economically independent, but he made it by never giving up and trying over and over again.

    This reminds me of my experience of making money. Last summer holiday, my neighbor was about to have a one-month trip and wanted to hire someone to look after her dog. I took the job. I not only earned some pocket money, but also had a good time with my neighbor’s dog. That was the first sum of money I had ever made.

But in fact, I do not agree on students’ making money. I do believe that students’ first and most important task is to study. Without learning, one will not find a good job. So students should focus more on learning rather than on making money, for the reason that knowledge can benefit us much more than money.

4.Conclusion：主题句和拓展句之间的关系: 语义相关（unity）  逻辑一致（coherence）

Topic sentences：段首，引领段落

Supporting sentences：围绕主题句，不偏不离

设计意图：通过对比两段“给妈妈的回信”和从一篇优秀读写任务作文中找出各段的主题句，让学生对主题句和拓展句有大概的认识并为后面的方法讲解做铺垫。

Step III  Explanation （8MINS）

Techniques for developing the topic sentences（拓展主题句的方法）

说明原因/结果 ，举例、叙述他人经历，列举式/递进式，正反式，相关式/细化主题……

Technique 1 说明原因（主题句+拓展句）

Example 1你读完这个故事（目标的重要性）的感受

（主题句-感受）After reading the story, I was deeply inspired.

 (拓展句-原因 )Because it makes me realize the power of a goal in shaping one’s success and gives me strength to achieve my goal, despite the hardships I am to go through.

Technique 2  举例说明

Key points: 例子新颖，避免无聊乏味

简明扼要，避免长篇大论

(Example2 举例描述你帮助他人的经历)

Compare the following experiences of helping others and tell which one is better.

A: It reminds me of my experience of helping others when I was a volunteer in a group which raised money for the poor students. I helped to do something happily within my ability. With the money provided by the group, many students could continue their schooling without worries.   

B: I still remember my experience of helping others. There was an army training two years ago. I was in bad health and always felt sick. The sun was very strong and the weather was very hot when I trained. Suddenly there was a dark appearing and I fell down. When I awake, I found myself in my dormitory. My classmates cleaned my hands and used ice to make me feel better. Some classmates helped me bring some meal. I felt thankful at that time. Because of my health, I only sat under the tree and bring water to them. They also felt thankful to me.

设计意图：通过举例和对比的形式，让学生进一步了解如何借助原因和举例的方法来拓展主题句，为下一步学生练习写作做铺垫。

Step IV Practice (8MINS)

1. 就“拒绝对孩子说谎”谈谈你的读后感受和感想。

主题句-看法

 As far as I’m concerned, we are not supposed to lie to kids anytime or anywhere for any reason.

拓展句-原因

Because lying will have a bad effect on children’s honesty and affect them all their lives.

2.举自己或者他人的例子进行拒绝对孩子说谎的理由。

Lying to kids means a lot, and it reminds me of Buford’s story. When he was a little boy, his parents always promised him to buy toys whenever they wanted him to listen to them. However, they failed to keep their promise, so that Buford got into the habit of lying, which put him into prison, for he cheated many girls of too much money.

设计意图：根据评分标准来评价学生对以上两种拓展主题的方法的掌握程度，为下一步学生小组合作，互批互改作文埋下伏笔。

Step V  Writing peer assessment(15MINS) 

评分规则：

1. give the mark according to the above two forms. 按照上面两个表格的评分 标准进行给分

2. write down the English comments to your classmates’ articles with the help of the guidance.

Assessment items 评语要点：

a) strengths找出值得肯定的地方，找出优点，择录优秀句子。

b) weaknesses & mistakes 找出1-2 点不足之处。

c) advice建议。

d) encouragement鼓励。

1. 发表对“目前儿童喝能量饮料现象”的看法

(topic sentence + supporting sentences)

   Nowadays, more kids love the energy drinks than ever before. The reasons, I think, involve many factors. For one thing, parents who are deeply convinced by the exaggerated function of these products, show the relaxed attitude to satisfy their children’s will of drinking such kinds of drinks. For another, energy drinks are usually not only sweet tasted, but also packed elegantly, which will surely mislead young children.

2. 列举身边一个例子说明儿童喝能量饮料弊大于利

topic sentence + supporting sentence

The disadvantages of energy drinks overweigh its advantages. It’s reported to be likely to cause life-threatening conditions. Taking one of my relatives for example, Buford, a 6-year- old football player lover, was crazy about drinking Red Bull to refresh himself after training. Unluckily, he was sent to hospital recently for his sudden fall on the ground unconsciously. And the doctor said his condition is closely related to his longtime habit of drinking energy drinks. Sadly, it’s been a true fact that it will be a long journey before he can recover.原因+例子（4句话）

设计意图

以PK赛的形式，让学生按原因和举例说明对主题句进行拓展写作，进一步在实际操练中强化了如何拓展主题句的理解。小组合作，互批互改作文，发挥了学生的积极主动性，让学生了解自己的不足和吸收他人作文中的优秀之处。

Step Ⅵ Summary (1MIN)

Go back to the two replies and see how the second one is better than the first one. 

Two techniques for developing the topic sentences:______________、______________

设计意图: 总结本节课的要点

Step Ⅶ Assignments(1MIN)

1. Review the key points of this lesson.

2. Complete the above exercises.