Words

base, command, request, recognize

Expressions

because of, come up, at present, make use of, such as, play a part (in)

Patterns

…because of that, English began to b spoken in many other countries.

Actually all languages change and develop…

The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.

English

Countries

Explanation

Mother tongue

the United Kingdom

the United States of America

Canada

Australia

South Africa

Ireland

New Zealand

The people in these countries are native speakers of English. In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.

Second language

India

Pakistan

Nigeria

the Philippines

These people speak the language of their own country at home but the language of the government, schools, newspapers, and TV is English.

Foreign language

China

Germany

France

etc.

The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.

＊  English is one of the official languages of the Olympic Games and the United Nations.

＊  English dominates international websites and provides nearly all of the new computer terminology.

＊  Tourism and trade from Western Europe and North America has contributed to the spread of English.

＊  Satellite TV, radio programs like Joy FM, CDs and, of course, Hollywood films all broadcast English into China. Also, a number of Chinese films include English subtitles.

for work, as a hobby, to learn about other people, to travel, to read literature in the original, to read research papers, to meet foreigners, to surf the Internet, to pass exams, etc.

Paragraph 1: The spread of the English language in the world

Paragraph 2: Native speaker can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.

Paragraph 3: English changes and develops when cultures meet and communicate with each other.

Paragraph 4: By the 19^th century English is settled.

Paragraph 5: English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in South Asia.

Time

English is influenced by…

AD 450-1150

German

1150-1500

French

In the 1600’s

Shakespeare, who make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before

By the 19^th century

Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster

Now

Languages in South Asia, in Singapore, in Malaysia, in Africa and in China

Useful expressions

at the end of…, make voyages, speak English as…, in the next century, change over time, communicate with…, be based on…, at present, become less like…, rule England, enrich the English language, make use of…, move to…, later in the 18^th century, give a separate identity to…, have a very large number of…,  fluent English speakers, become the language for…, develop one’s own identity, increase rapidly

even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether: He likes to help us even if he is very busy.

communicate with: exchange information or conversation with other people: He learnt to use body language to communicate with deaf customers.

actually =in fact: used when you are adding new information to what you have just said: We’ve known for years. Actually, since we were babies.

Only time will tell: to say that something can only be known in the future: Will China’s national football team enter for the next finals of the World Cup? Only time will tell.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary of the text.

British English, 1_____ as Standard English or Oxford English, underwent 2 _____ as the colonization 3 _____ North American and the creation 4 _____ the United States occurred. British English words changed 5 _____ American English words, such 6 _____ centre to center, metre to meter, theatre to theater, favour 7 _____ favor, honour to honor, labour to labor, neighbour 8 _____ neighbor, cheque to check, connexion 9 _____ connection, gaol to jail, the storey of a house 10 _____ story, and tyre for tire. Since 1900, words 11 _____ consistent spelling but different meanings 12 _____ British English to American English include: 13 _____ let for to rent, dual carriageway 14 _____ divided highway, lift for elevator, amber for yellow, 15 _____ ring for to telephone, zebra crossing for pedestrian crossing, and pavement for sidewalk.

（Keys: 1known 2 changes 3 of 4 of 5 into 6 as 7 to 8 to 9 to 10 to 11 with 12 from 13 to 14 for 15 to）

Work out the structure and vocabulary questions.

1.       I think Shanxi has the _____ number of coal miners.

2.       So why has Mr Li changed _____ time?

3.       All people change when thoughts communicate _____ one another.

4.       His report is based more on facts _____ present day situation.

5.       He became less like a father, and _____ like a friend because those who worked for him were all women.

6.       One big change in his life happened _____ he got the job.

7.       Chinese English has become one of the world _____.

8.       Now this company has had its _____ identity.

9.       The writer made use of a _____ vocabulary than anyone else.

10.   However, even on TV and the radio you will notice differences in the _____ people behave.

(Keys: 1 largest, 2 over, 3 with 4 than, 5 more, 6 when, 7 Englishes, 8 own, 9 wider, 10 way)