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阅读理解解题技巧（一）

细节理解题

(一)直接信息题

做直接信息题最基本也是最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。通常用一些疑问词来提问。

I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasn’t he as busy as the others？ 

57．What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?

A．The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice.  B．The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists.

C．The surroundings of the dentist’s office.             D．The laughing assistant of the dentist.

(二)间接信息题

间接信息题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。

语意转换题：需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

图文转换题：在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。

是非判断题：采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。但一般正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，对于是非判断题中的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。

Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005，she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it？”Her trainer，Abbey Stone，feared the worst. Grace did make it—but her tail didn’t. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle. 60．When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park，her trainer worried about her _______.

A．physical build   B．potential ability   C．chance of survival  D．adaptation to the surroundings

(三)数字计算题

数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年代、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等简单的计算。此类试题在文章中可以直接找到相关的细节，但要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。但是英语阅读中的数字计算题必须找出计算背后所隐含的信息，这些信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，因此，理解文章相应复杂句是解决这类题的关键。有时候一些数字信息通过一些单词表现出来，如decade，dozen，score，double，century，fortnight等，它们会对解题起到一定的作用。

OfferLimitedto40perhousehold

2012AmericanSilverEagleCoin

Yourcost1－4Coins　　　　 38.95each＋s/h

　　　　5－9Coins 38.45each＋s/h

　　　　10－19Coins 37.95each＋s/h

　　　　20－40Coins 37.45each＋s/h

Note：10s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchase

For fastest service，call toll­free24 hours a day

65．If you buy six 2012 U．S. Mint Silver Eagles by post，you should pay at least ______.

A.230.7 B.233.7      C.240.7    D.243.7

(四)排列顺序题

做此类题目可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。这类试题如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻

The Lampbrella is a standard­looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built­in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offer spedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

A．motor→canopy→sensors         B．sensors→motor→canopy

 C．motor→sensors→canopy         D．canopy→motor→sensors

主旨大意题

(一)概括文章大意

(1)做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。

(2)在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

60．The passage is meant to ______.

A．justify paying for faster services         B．discuss the morals of allocating things

C．analyze the reason for standing in line    D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping

(二)精确归纳标题

(1)利用主题段来概括标题

标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。

(2)利用主题句来概括标题

解题的关键要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。

做此类题时，要避免下列三种错误：1. 概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；

2 过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；  3. 以事实，细节替代文章大意。

Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all. I was lucky：Ⅰ became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot－and my boss － so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to：Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”．

39．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．CRM：A New Way to Make Flying Safe     B．Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

C．The Making of a Good Pilot               D．A Pilot­Tumed Doctor

(三)总结段落大意

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的中心思想。主题句通常位于段首。也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句。

The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B. C．，  painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold out readings  attracted  thousands  of fans,  leading  him  to  complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.

64．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.   B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.

C. Wellknown actors are usually targets of tabloids.   D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.

词义猜测题

(一)词汇意义猜测题

此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转化法和合成法，高考阅读理解题中猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式。有的题需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；有的还可以通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。

[练习1] The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. it comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

58．The underlined word“evenly”in Paragraph4 probably means.

A．continuously B．separately    C．quickly    D．equally

[练习2] The CRF’s produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series - with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors - also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.

47．The words“chocolate snobs”in Paragraph3 probably refer to people who_______.

A．are particular about chocolate   B．know little about cocoa beans

C．look down upon others          D．like to try new flavors

(二)句意猜测题

此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时需要通过阅读文章，对原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和选项做一番比较，不难找出正确答案。一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的英语词汇表述而已。

 “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before, ” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达). ” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint（抱怨）about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don, t work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的） rude messages by email.

68．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph I?

A．People can tell good from bad behavior.    B．Radar is able to observe human behavior.

C．People care little about their behavior.      D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior.

(三)判断指代内容

此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则——代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句中。需要好好把握代词指代所在的段落或前面的段落的整体意思才能迎刃而解。

Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

69．What does the underlined word“they”in Paragraph7 refer to?

A．The attacks.  B．Slavery and prejudice.   C．White men.    D．The shows.