2016-11-28 发布者：杨宏远 浏览数( -)
Vocabulary:
1. voyage: The v________(旅途) from America to France used to take two months.
go on (或make 或take) a voyage : 进行一次（坐船的）旅行
翻译：当我完成工作后，我要进行一次长途(long)海上旅行。
be on one’s first voyage: 我是第一次海上旅行：I ____________________.
2. because & because of 由于，因为
because 后接句子 because of 后接名词
例如： I left school because I was ill. I left school because of my illness.
翻译：The sports meeting had to stop ___________________________(由于下雨).
He got angry ____________________________(由于我所说的).
3. come up: 走上前来，(太阳等)出来，(问题)被提出
写出句中come up的意思：She smiled when she came up (to me) with steady steps.
When the sun comes up, the world becomes bright.
Many questions came up at the meeting.
4. actually: 事实上 ---- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting too long.
----Never mind. Actually I arrived only a little earlier.
5. be based on: 以…为基础 Our friendship is based on kindness.
翻译： 这部电影是以一个真实的故事为基础的。
_______________(以…为基础)practice, this agreement seems satisfying.
6. at present: 目前 （用于句首或句末）
At present, there are fifty one students in our class.
翻译： 目前我没有任何好办法。
present: adj. 出席的，在场的 present作“出席的”讲时，修饰名词时放在名词后面。
例如： You can’t borrow his CD if he isn’t present.
There were 40 parents present at the class meeting.
翻译：所有在场的人
present adj 目前的，现在的 What is your present address?
7. gradually: 逐渐地，渐渐地
The trees grew up gradually.
翻译:If you help each other, you will ______________________(逐渐成为好朋友).
8. make use of: 利用
make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make no use of 没有利用
make little use of 很少利用 be made use of （ to do sth） 被利用来做某事
翻译： 学生应该好好利用业余时间（spare time）.
你必须充分利用这个机会找个工作。
虽然有因特网，他们却没有利用它。
那些废(waste)纸已经被利用来做玩具。
9. latter: 当上文提到两个人或事物，下文常用the former指代上文中先提到的那个，而用latter指代后提到的那个。
There came a woman in red and a man in blue. The former is thin while the latter is fat.
来了一个穿红衣服的女人和穿蓝衣服的男人。前者瘦削而后者肥胖。
翻译： 她喜欢鲁迅和张艺谋。后者是中国著名导演（director）。
10. identity: 身份，个性，特性
翻译： He managed to hide his real identity.
You can let the children develop their own identity.
The thief tried to put his identity across the policeman, but failed.
11. a number of 一些，许多 a great (或large) number of 大量的 numbers of 许多，大量
后接可数名词的复数形式,看做复数
例如： A great number of tips have been given.
翻译： 大量的孩子已经开始在学校用手机。
注意：the number of 的意思是…的数字，看做单数。
The number of workers in this factory ＿＿ 219. 填is 还是are?
Language points:
请根据对以下12个语言点的理解出10道填空题。
1. Nearly all of them lived in England.
① nearly & almost 都用于all, every, everybody前面，也都用于否定动词的前面，如 didn’t.. , dislike。
Almost/nearly all my friends came to the party.
② nearly可以指数字上的接近。almost 一般不。
She killed nearly 20 ants at a time.
③ almost 用于no, nobody, nothing, never, any前面, nearly 一般不
Almost no mistakes were found in his composition.
You can find the meaning of almost any word here.
④ nearly 和 almost 都可以用在形容词前面。如：
nearly/almost perfect nearly/almost frozen
nearly/almost dead nearly/almost impossible
2. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
because of 后接_______，__________, ____________。
because of , as a result of, as a consequence of, resulting from意义大致相同。如：
①Because of his ignorance, I felt very upset.
②As a result of the rain, the soil(土壤) was washed away.
③The rise of sea levels is predicted as a consequence of global warming.
④Resulting from the effect of native language, students may make many mistakes in their study.
3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
than ever before 这个表达法在课文中出现过两次。另一句是：So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
比以往任何时候都要…
例如: The number of people travelling abroad this May _____________________________ (比以往任何时候都要多得多).
ever用在：
Have you ever been to Paris?
I’d like to have some idea of the tour sites that you have ever visited.
Ever since he got in touch with John, he found a friend to communicate with.
Even when there are difficulties, he stayed as calm as ever.
注意区别even 和ever。
4. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.
A baby communicates its needs by crying.
Without meaning to, she communicated her anxiety to her child.
翻译：他学会了用身势语和失聪的顾客（customers）交谈。
父母有时发现很难与青少年交流。
communicate in this way communicate in English
5. It was based more on German than English we speak at present.
…be based on A 意思是: …以A为基础，从A处产生出来
他的建议是以事实为基础的。
你的论文可以以自己的经历为基础，也可以以从书本上学到的为基础。
We must base our judgement on a fair mind. 我们必须把自己的判断建立在一颗公平心上。
翻译：环境的改善必须建立在公众意识（public awareness）的基础之上。
more… than… 更大程度上…而非… 或： 与其说…倒不如说…
He is more like a film star than a bus driver.
I am interested more in your unusual voice than your speech.
more than 连在一起用，表示“不仅仅，超出”
The total cost was more than 1000 dollars.
My new neighbour is more than my friend, he can be my teacher.
6. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
those who意识是：那些…的（人）
①Those who want to see the movie should put down their names.
②She taught me how to deal with those who are troublesome.
③Those who break laws on purpose must be punished severely.
7. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.
①en是一个前缀，即加在基本词前的固定字母组合，通常表示某个特定的含义。en一般表示“使…具有..特点，或使…更加…”。
又如：able→ enable， enlarge, encourage, enlighten
②especially 尤其(是)，常用在后半句首。如：
He hopes to develop his ability, especially how to make use of resources.
They respect their friends and offer help, especially when they are in trouble.
也可后接词或词组：
Teenagers usually favour new things, especially new songs, new games and new idols.
8. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
make use of 利用
The workers decided to make use of the rest blocks to build a house.
Waste materials should be made use of to save sources.
Time is precious, so good use should be made of to improve our study.
Make good use of __________ make full of use ______利用 make no use of ____利用
9. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
the latter 常与the former 连用（前者，后者）
Knowledge and ability go hand in hand. The latter is based on the former.
10. India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
a number of 可以拓展为a large number of , a great number of 意思是“一些，或许多”。
the number of 意思是“…的数量”。
如：A great number of his books were put into Chinese.
The number of his translated books was over 10.
11. During that time English became the language for government and education .
during 在…期间，一般用于持续一定长度的时间段内。
如：During the Second World War, they moved to the south.
They discussed the problems during the break.
During his staying in London, he made many friends and communicated with them..
12. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. such as 和 for example 的区别（略）
13. Today the largest number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
14. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.
15. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
形容词性的物主代词后加上own表示的意思是：
他自己的观点：his own ideas 她自己的特点：her own character
我们自己的世界：our own world 他们自己的方法：their own ways
你们自己的能力：our own ability 它自己的中心：its own ce