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语法分类讲解

一、一般过去时

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用(yesterday昨天  last week\month\year上周\月\年  ago以前)。

2．be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

   否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

   一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如：Did Jim go home yesterday?

   特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？

如：What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？

如：Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied

过去时练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1、I _______ at school just now.

2、He ________ at the camp last week.

3、We ________ students two years ago.

4、They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5、Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6、There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7、There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8、The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

9、Helen Keller       born in 1880.

10、Yang Liwei’s son       very proud of his father.

二、用行为动词的适当形式填空

1.、He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2.、The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.

3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

4.、Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6.、They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7.、My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8.、The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.

9、I       (buy) you this book about America yesterday.

10、This America spaceship       (take) a man into space.

11、Russia       (send) the first animal into space.

12、In October 2003,Shenzhou V       (fly) into space with Yang Liwei.

13、As a small child,she        (become) blind and deaf.

14、Helen Keller       (write) a book about herself.

15、The teacher        (draw) letters in her hand and she learnt to speak.

二、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句      基本结构：主语+be+ 动词ing.   

如： I    am  eating.

现在进行时的否定句      基本结构：主语+be not + 动词ing.

如： I   am not  eating.   

现在进行时的一般疑问句  基本结构： be动词 +主语 +动词ing.

如： Are       you   eating.

现在进行时的特殊疑问句  基本结构：疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing?

如：What   are  you  rating?  

动词加ing（动词现在分词）的变化规则

动词现在分词构成：动词原形+ing，规则如下：

1  一般情况下直接加ing

think---thinking    sleep---sleeping    study---studying    speak---speaking    say---saying

carry---carrying     wake---waking

2  以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ing

come---coming   make---making    leave---leaving    have---having    take---taking

3  以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现 “辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing

stop---stopping   sit---sitting   run---running   forget---forgetting   begin---beginning这类词还有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。

4  以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing ：die---dying   lie---lying

 

现在进行时练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________  write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing  ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________  get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1、The sun is         (shine).
2.、Listen .The birds             (sing) in the tree.
3.、The ducks            (eat) our picnic now.
4、 I am        (look) out of the window.
5、 Look . I’m         (make) Daming’s birthday card .
6、The balloons                (fly away) now.
7、--What is he      (do)?

--He’s       (try) to get on the bus.

8、Daming is        (have) a birthday party.
 9.、He            (play) the trumpet now
10、You are              (call out) my name.

三、一般现在时基本用法

一般现在时的构成
　　1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：　I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
　　2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如：  We study English. 我们学习英语。
　　当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
　　1. be动词的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。     如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　　一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。　    如：-Are you a student?  -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。  如：Where is my bike?
　　2. 行为动词的变化。
　　否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。    如： I don't like bread.
　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。 如： He doesn't often play.
　　一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。           如：- Do you often play football?   - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。      如： Does she go to work by bike?   - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______  carry ____
come________   watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________  teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1、He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2、Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3、We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4、Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5、______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6、What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7、_______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8、The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9、She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10、There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11、Mike _______(like) cooking.
12、They _______(have) the same hobby.
13、My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14、You always _______(do) your homework well.
15、I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16、She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17、Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18、The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19、Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20.、What day _______(be) it today?－ It’s Saturday.

四、一般将来时

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。

二、基本结构：

①be going to + do；

②will+ do.

三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。

例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

将来时专项练习：

一、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1、Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic in the park.

2、My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

3、Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot.

But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

4、What do you usually do at weekends?

I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects.

5、It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend?

She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

6、What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday?

 I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.

What ______________ (do) next Sunday?

 I ______________ (milk) cows.

7、Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

8、Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.