初中英语课堂阅读教学应采用什么训练方法训练学生的阅读技能与策略

初中是英语阅读教学的基础阶段，英语著名的教学法专家Michael West 认为：“教授英语的基本任务，首先是培养直接阅读能力”。正所谓得阅读者得天下。可见，掌握良好的阅读技能与策略是提高学生阅读速度和阅读理解能力的先决条件。尽管我们知道学生的阅读技能是在长期的阅读中练出来的，但教师如果能教给他们一些基本的阅读策略后，可以让他们少走弯路。下面，我将针对初中生的心理发展水平、认知特点和阅读发展需要，采用以下阅读方法来提高学生的阅读技能与策略：

一、略读法（skimming）

   略读，即通过对文章标题和首尾句的阅读，对文章内容结构有一个整体的印象，让学生在短时间内了解作者的意图或文章所要涉及的问题。一般情况下，学生通过略读可以：抓住段落特点、主题句和关键词等。如：

   During the day we work and play, and at night we sleep. Our body rests while we sleep. In the morning we are ready to work and play again. Our body grows most while we are asleep. Children who are tired usually need sleep. We can get better at our lessons after we have had enough sleep every night. Our body needs lots of air when we sleep. If we do not get enough fresh air, we feel tired when we wake up. While in bed we must not cover our head. Our lung needs to get enough fresh air. If we open our windows at night, we can have plenty of fresh air.

Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who want to be strong must get plenty of sleep.

     Our lung needs _________ most.

A.      fresh air     B. warm air      C. enough exercise    D. delicious food

二、研读法（close – reading）

研读，又叫细读。指学生对全文有个整体印象的前提下所进行的深入细致的阅读，了解各段段落的主要意思和文章的细节，并在此基础上提出新的问题和观点，发展学生的思维能力。如：

Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world after water, was invented by accident? Although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produce a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.

What is the article about ?

通过细读整篇文章我们可以看出这篇文章主要讲解的是茶是怎样发明的。The article is about the invention of tea.

三、快速阅读（fast reading ）

所谓快速阅读就是利用视觉运动的规律，通过一定的方法训练，在短时间里阅读大量资料的一种科学学习方法。如：

At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw and old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help.

The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping stopped the bus without thinking twice. He got off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus.

Read the passage, check the sentence True or False.

_____ Wang Ping was the driver of bus No. 26 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday.

  _____ The old man had a heart problem

  _____ Some passengers didn’t agree to take the old man to the hospital.