发布者：杨应康 所属单位：第二十五中学 发布时间：2018-03-20 浏览数( -) 【举报】
终止性动词与延续性动词
—中考复习归纳
遵义市第二十五中学 肖立羽
除情态动词（can、may、must、will、shall等）外，动词可分为终止性动词和延续性动词。
一、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。初中阶段所学的延续性动词有：be，do，teach，work， study，stand，keep, stay, lie, know, walk, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep，live，cry，play等等。延续性动词能够与表示时间段的状语连用。
①for引导的时间段，如：
The students have played on the playground for a long time .（那些学生在操场上已经玩了很长时间了。）
I have tought at No 25 Middle School for about 30 years.(我在二十五中教书大约三十年了。)
I have been in Zunyi for two days.(我来遵义已经两天了。)
She has already waited you for a while.（她已经等你一会儿了。）
He has lived in Lianchi for 3 years. (他在莲池生活三年了。)
You can keep the novel for a week.（这本小说你可以借一个周。）
I played in Beijing for 1 month last year.(去年我在北京玩了一个月。)
②since引导的时间段，since之后可以是时间点名词，也可以是句子。如：
He has been here since two o’clock this afternoon.（自从下午2点钟以来他就在这儿。）
She has been in Guiyang since last week.（自从上周以来她就在贵阳。）
I have worked in No 25 Middle since I came to Jindingshan town in 1986.（自从1986我来金鼎山镇以来就在二十五中上班。）
特别注意的是——since从句中的谓语动词，必须是终止性动词。再如：
He has worked in the district government of Honghuagang since he joined the Party in 2002.（自从2002年他入党以来，一直在红花岗区政府上班。)
③how long(意思是“多久”时)引导的句子，所用动词也是延续性动词。如：
How long did you stay Renhuai last year?（去年你在仁怀呆了多久？）
How long has your mother been back？（你的妈妈回来多久了？）而不用：How long has your mother come back？只能说：When did your mother come back？（你的妈妈是什么时候回来的？），因为come是终止性动词。
二、终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词、结束性动词或点动词， 表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束或瞬间完成。终止性动词有：open, close，buy，sell， die， begin，start， finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend，catch，arrive，join等等。
①非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用。例:
My mother died 3 years ago.（我母亲是三年前去世的。）
My fother left 2 years ago.（我父亲是两年前出走的。）
Our teacher came in at 14:20.(我们老师是两点二十进来的。)
②否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:
I haven't left college for 6 years. （我大学毕业不到六年。）
I haven't heard from him for a long time.（我好久没有收到他的来信了。）
③终止性动词的进行时态表示将来时态。例：
She is coming this afternoon（今天下午她要来。）
如果表示比较遥远的将来，终止性动词一般不用进行时态。通常用be going to、will、shall表示。例如：
He is going to come to Beijing next month.或 He will come to Beijing next month.（下个月他要来北京。）
三、终止性动词和延续性动词之间的转换：
终止性动词 | 延续性动词 |
come back | be back |
go (get) out | be out |
leave | be away |
borrow | keep |
buy | have |
Begin/start | be on |
die | be dead |
finish | be over |
join | be in+组织机构，或者be a member of+组织机构 |
open sth | keep sth open |
fall ill | be ill |
get up | be up |
come here | be here |
go there | be there |
become | be |
fall asleep | be asleep |
getto/arrive/reach | be in/on |
leave | be away from |
put on | wear |
catch a cold | have a cold |
get married | be married |
get to know | know |
下面列举几个例：
①The madman died 2years ago.（那个疯子是两年前死的。或译为“那个疯子死了两年了。”），可改写为→
The madman has been dead for 2 years.
It is 2 years since the madman died.
2 years has passed since the madman died.
②He joined the Army 3 years ago.（他是三年前参的军。或“他参军三年了。”）可改为→
He has been in the Army for 3 years.
He is a soldier for 3 years.
③I bought the TV set 3 days ago.（我是三天前买的那台电视机。）可改为→
I have had the TV set for 3 days.
④I got to know him 3 years ago.(我是三年前认识他的。) 可改为→
I have known him for 3 years.
根据以上内容，终止性动词如果要用于现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的，所以不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用，如果终止性动词要和for或since引导的时间状语连用，必须把终止性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语,才可与表示一段时间的的状语连用。How long作多久时，谓语动词也应该是延续性动词。
四、终止性动词和延续性动词与not…any longer、not…any more的搭配。两个短语都是“不再”的意思， not…any longer表示动作不再延续，和延续性动词连用；而not…any more表示动作不再发生，与终止性动词连用。例：
I didn’t keep up with him any longer.(“我再也跟不上他了。”表示不再继续)
I don’t want to go to Yunlan any more.(“我不想再去云南了。”表示不再发生。)