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阅读是英语学习中最基本，最重要的途径，是接触英语，吸收语言材料，获取感性认识，并培养英语学习兴趣的重要途径之一。在阅读过程中我们必定会碰到一些生词，大多数同学都知道一般不必理会这些生词，跳过即可。否则一篇阅读中途停下查十几次字典，谁还有兴趣有信心读下去。但一个词如果出现多次，会影响理解，这时候查查字典是有必要的。我建议同学在阅读后，回头把作过记号的词再用字典查一遍，并当生词来记，这是比较能拓展词汇量的方法。但阅读理解题中的猜词题就不允许我们查字典，因此，为既看懂材料又不致于浪费太多时间，失太多分，我们必须掌握一些基本的猜词技巧。这也是在实战当中我们必须总结归纳出来的。以下题例基本来自《天利38套试题》

     一、根据上下文的说明

1、Imagine that you are on a jury and you hear the testimony of an eyewitness who says that the accused person is guilty。You would probably vote to convict the accused，don’t you think？Well，more often than not，you’d be wrong。

The underlined words“to convict the accused”probably means——

A．to show that the accused is wrong     

B．to express that the accused person is true。

C．to declare that the accused person is guilty。

D．to explain that the eyewitness is dangerous。

“The testimony of an eyewitness who says that the accused person is guilty，you would”，so the answer is C。

2、Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space。The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage。A person may feel perfectly well，but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren。

The underlined word“deformed”probably means——

A．badly-shaped    B。weak    C。naturally-grown     D。ugly

“but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until”，so the answer is A。

     二、根据事情发生的顺序

1、When in a restaurant with your friends，keep phone conversations short。Make a call only if it is important。Practice speaking in a low voice。If no one looks your way，you’ve got it。

What does the underlined sentence“---you’ve got it”mean in the passage？

A、You have succeeded in making a call without disturbing others。

B、You have made the phone call brief and interesting。

C、You’ve got the message you are waiting for。

D、You have made a phone call secretly。

由keep ---short，make---if，和practice一系列的动作目的可知，答案选A。

2、The final round was held at the east edge of our town。Sara lived nearby so she did not need to get up early to arrive。However，she was the first person there。“You know what they say about the early bird，”she said with a smile。  

A．she liked the early bird very much。      B。she was sure that she would succeed。

C．she lived nearby，so she should get there early。

D．she wanted to show off her good language knowledge。

这篇文章讲述选美大赛最终在两位美眉间进行，住在城东，本没必要起早，却第一个到，且我们都知道早起的鸟儿有虫子吃，所以她认为自己比胜无疑，答案选B。

     三、根据因果关系

1、Only a few men on the work crew meet those standards。Before Terry took the boat job，several others had it and gave up because they found it so tedious。

Another word for the underlined word“tedious”is——

A．difficult     B。boring     C。serious     D。tiring

“meet those standards，had it and gave up”，及前面提到“Terry Thomas has a very boring job”，因此答案选B。

2、Immigration officials at airport look suspiciously at a girl whose passport shows her occupation as“Model”，and these are men and women of considerable experience of the world。It comes no surprise to find that some models prefer to put“Secretary”or “Businessman”as their jobs in their passports。

The underlined word“suspiciously”can most probably be replaced by——

A．doubtfully    B。excitedly    C。proudly     D。sadly

“It comes no surprise to find -----”，so the answer is A。

    四、根据文中的解释

1、Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say“I’m sorry you’re upset”；this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done。

According to the author，saying“I’m sorry you’re upset”most probably means“——”。

A．You have good reason to get upset。    B。I apologize for hurting your feelings。

C．I’m wrong for making you upset。    D。I know you’re upset，but I’m not to blame。

“This suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done”，so the answer is D。

2、William Shakespeare said，“The web of our life is a mingled yarn，good and ill together。”

The underlined word“mingled”in the last paragraph most probably means——

A．simple    B。mixed     C。sad     D。happy

“good and ill together”，so the answer is B。

     五、根据定语从句提供的信息

1、We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard，which gives us shade and keeps the house cooler。

What does“elm”mean？

由“Which gives us shade and keeps the house cooler”可知，elm是一种树。

2、Yet，shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems，such as shoplifters，who always take away things from the shop without paying for them。

What does the underlined word“shoplifter”mean？

由“who always take away things from the shop without paying for them”可知，shoplifter指的是小偷。

     六、利用同义词

1、The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain。

The underlined word“diminish”is similar to ——

A．test    B。stop     C。reduce     D。increase

“laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain”，so the answer is C。

2、Indonesia’s reefs are vast ——they cover 51，000 square kilometers，surround17，500islands and stretch 3，500kilometers——but they are not infinite。

The underlined word“infinite”in the 2nd paragraph most probably means——。

A．incomplete     B。short     C。unfit       D。limitless

“Indonesia’s reefs are vast，but---”，so the answer is D。

     七、利用反义词

1．Any of these，coming at the right time，can serve as an igniter to start one’s enthusiasm for learning or for a better career，to turn him from a passive state of waiting to an active state of pursuing，to lend him strength to go ahead bravely。In that case，what he has prepared for years will be quickly turned into fruitful reality。

What’s the meaning of the underlined word“pursuing”in the sixth paragraph？

A．Dreaming about success。              B。Trying to achieve something。

C．Preparing for the worst。               D。Hoping to be a leader。

“from a passive state of waiting to an active state of pursuing”，so the answer is B。

2．There is no doubt that adults，and even highly educated adults，vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading 。Some proceed very slowly throughout；others dash along too quickly and have to regress。

The underlined word“regress”can be best replaced by ——

A．regret     B。stop     C。move slowly      D。go back

“some proceed very slowly throughout；others dash along too quickly and have to regress”，so the answer is D。

     八、根据标点符号的信息功能

破折号“——”，“（）”在句中常引出注释性词语，通过这些注释，我们往往可以推断出词的含义。

1、With PepsiCo about to surpass Coke as the beverage king on Wall Street——Pepsi‘’s market capitalization has soared in recent years to ＄97.9 billion，putting it less than a billion dollars behind its rival——the heat is on Coke。

The underlined word“soared”means——

A．achieved      B。dropped       C。increased       D。failed

“With PepsiCo about to surpass Coke as the beverage king on Wall Street---”，so the answer is C。

2、There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty。The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense——there is a reason for everything that happens。The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens，especially the bad things that happen。

The underlined part“the world makes sense”in paragraph 3 probably means that——

A、everything in the world is planned in advance。

B、the world can be understood in different ways

C、there’s an explanation for everything in the world

D、we have to be wise in order to understand the world

“there is a reason for everything that happens”，so the answer is C。

     九、根据文中的列举

1、Some ships carried cargo such as coal，oil and military supplies，while others carried only passengers。

What does“cargo”mean？

Such as，for example，for instance等诸如此类的词往往用来说明前面比较生僻的词。根据such as后面列举的coal，oil and military supplies，及与后面passengers相对的可知，指的是货物。

2、The cutting of large forest areas also causes environmental problems，such as growing desert and the deaths of more and more animals。

由such as 列举的沙漠的扩大，越来越多的动物的死亡，可知environmental problems指的是“环境的问题”。

     十．利用同位语或同等关系

1．The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra，for example，uses an electronic“black box”，an instrument that sounds a perfect tone of 440cycles per second，which is considered standard。

According to this passage，the electronic“black box”is used——

A．by most major orchestras              B。to set the standard pitch

C．to replace the principal clarinetist       D。to avoid quarrels among musicians

由同位语从句that sounds a perfect tone of 440cycles per second，which is considered standard可知，答案选B。

2．My organic business biog relates to news of interest to parents who are interested in organics，alternative energy and etc。It’s made a little money。It pays for itself，plus a tiny bit extra，but it certainly is’nt enough to make a living。

The underlined sentence“It pays for itself”in the 1st paragraph means——

A、the writer spends some money on blogging

B、the writer borrows some money for blogging

C、the writer’s blogging has made ends meet

D、the writer’s blogging costs her little money

由It’s made a little money，but it certainly is’nt enough to make a living可知答案选C。

     上述技巧皆由实战中总结归纳而来，愿同学们在具体情况中具体分析，并善于总结，真正做到活学活用。