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Unit 8　How do you make a banana milk shake?

  Section A

单元知识目标

Sam：^①Next，put the beef，carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water. 

Sam：^②No，one more thing.^③Finally，don't forget to add some salt.,

知识详解

1．How do you make a banana milk shake?你是怎样做香蕉奶昔的？

【解读】本句是一个特殊疑问句，由特殊疑问词how引导的，表示“怎样，如何”，用以对做某事的方法、方式、途径等提问。

How did you find it?你是怎样发现它的？

【解读】make v. 制作；做。其后可接双宾语，即make sb.sth.或make sth.for sb.为某人制作某物

Lucy made a beautiful card for me.露西为我制作了一张漂亮的卡片。

【词汇辨析】make 和do

make 和do都是实义动词，都含有“做……”之意，但二者在用法上有一些区别。

make强调用某一种原材料“制作”某种成品或经过努力做成某事。

She often makes clothes herself.她经常自己做衣服。

do通常强调做某件事，某项工作等，而不涉及动作的内容，是做事的通称。

Students do their homework every day.学生们每天做作业。

【解读】shake n．& v. 摇动；抖动

Give the bottle a few shakes before you pour the juice.你倒果汁前摇几下瓶子。

Can you feel the earth shake?你能感觉到地在摇动吗？

【拓展】shake hands with sb.和某人握手

The two men shook hands with each other.那两个人互相握了握手。

shake one's head 摇头When you can't answer this question，shake your head.当你不会回答这问题时，摇摇头。

【例1】 _____did you make the model plane? A．What　B．How C．Which D．Who

【例2】You should ____ something by yourself. A．do  B．make C．have D．did

【例3】 I often ______some cleaning on weekends.

A．make   B．making  C．do    D．doing

【例4】Look！The boy ______the bottle.A．shake B．is shaking C．eat D．is eating

【例5】Does he ______ you when you meet him?

A．shake hands with B．shakes hands with C．shake hands to D．shakes hands to

点拨：本句是一般疑问句，开头用了does，后面的实义动词用原形形式；“和某人握手”用介词with。

2.Turn on the blender.打开果汁机。

【解读】本句是一个祈使句。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。否定句常在动词前加don't。

Please don't turn on the blender.请不要打开果汁机。

let＋第一人称＋动词原形的祈使句，变否定句常在动词原形前加not。

Let me not do that.让我别做那事。

let＋第三人称＋动词原形的祈使句，变否定句常在let前加don't。

Don't let them shout.不要让他们喊叫。

【解读】turn on 打开，其反义词组是turn off 意为“关上”。它们是“动词＋副词”构成的短语动词，宾语是代词时应放在turn 与on 或off 中间。

I want to watch TV. Please turn it on.我想看电视。请打开它。

turn up 调高 Turn up your radio，please.请把收音机开大点。

turn down 调低Turn down the TV. It's too noisy.把电视关小点。太吵了。

【辨析】turn on 和open二者都有“打开”的意思，但“打开”的对象不同。

turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气、电灯、电视、收音机等的开关。

Please turn on the lights.请打开灯。

open通常指打开书、门窗、箱子、盒子等。They opened the window.他们打开了窗户。

【例1】将下列句子改为否定句。

1．Please get off at the next stop.2．Let me go there.

3．Let him do it by himself.

点拨：1.祈使句变为否定句时，要在动词原形前加don't；2.本句为let＋第一人称开头的祈使句，变否定句，应在动词原形前加not；3.本句为let＋第三人称开头的祈使句，变否定句时应在let前加don't。

答案：1.Please don't get off at the next stop.2．Let me not go there.

3．Don't let him do it by himself.

【例2】Don't ______ the air conditioning. I think I'm going down with a cold.

A．turn on  B．turned on C．turning on  D．to turn on

【例3】Please ______the radio. Grandma is sleeping.

A．turn on B．turn about C．turn up  D．turn down

【例4】Do you know how ______ the blender?

A．open  B．to open  C．turn on  D．to turn on

3.Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒入搅拌器中。

【解读】pour v. 倒出；倾倒，常用短语为：pour...into，把……倒入……。

Please pour the water into the cup.

请把水倒入杯中。,【例题】根据汉语意思完成下句

我们什么时候该把鸡蛋倒入锅中？When ______ we ______ the eggs ______ the pot?

答案：should；pour；into

4．How much yogurt do we need？我们需要多少酸奶？

【解读】how much 多少，用来修饰不可数名词，询问不可数名词的数量。

How much milk do we need?我们还需要多少牛奶？

【辨析】how much 与how many

how much通常询问不可数名词的数量；how many则询问可数名词的数量。

How much water do you need?你需要多少水？

How many cups of water do you need?你需要多少杯水？

【拓展】how much 还可用于询问物品的价格。How much are they？它们值多少钱？

【例题】  对画线部分提问

1．There are three bottles of orange.

______ ______ bottles of orange are there?

2．You can pour three cups of milk into the blender.

______ ______ milk can we pour into the blender?

点拨：1.three 接的是可数名词bottles，故用 how many来提问。2.three cups of milk表示不可数名词milk的数量，故用how much来提问。

答案：1.How many　2.How much

5.^①Next，put the beef，carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.

下一步，把牛肉、胡萝卜和土豆放在锅中并加上一些水。

【解读】add v．增加；添加

add...to...意为“把……加到……中去；往……中加……”。

Please add some salt to the food.请给食物里面加点盐。

If you add 4 to 6，you get 10.  4加6等于10。

add to (add作不及物动词用)表示“增加；添加”，其中to是介词，后接名词或代词。

The flowers add to the beauty of the city.这些花增添了这所城市的美。

【例1】___some water ___ the soup. A．Add；to  B．Add；up C．add；to  D．Add；up to

【例2】根据汉语意思完成下句

七加二等于九。______two ______ seven，and you will get nine.

答案：Add；to

6.^②No，one more thing.不，还有一件事。

【解读】more 又；再，与another同义。

数词＋more＋ n．＝another＋数词＋n. 他们在那里又待了两天。

They stayed there two more days.＝They stayed there another two days.

【例题】We've got two desks，but we need ______.

A．a desk  B．two desks C．two more  D．more two

点拨：根据前半句句意“我们已有两张课桌”可推断“但是我们还需要两张”；浏览选项含有此意的只有C、D两项，但more要放在数词之后，故选C项。

7．^③Finally，don't forget to add some salt.最后，不要忘记加些盐。

【解读】finally adv. 最后；最终同义短语是：at last；in the end。

finally可位于句首、句中或句末。位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。表示做某事的先后顺序时可用first，next，then，finally。

I finally finished my homework.我终于完成了我的作业。

【例题】 First，cut up two apples，then put them into the blender.______ turn on the blender. A．And B．Next C．First D．Finally

语法在七年级上册第六单元我们学过可数名词和不可数名词，下面我们回顾一下并进一步了解：当表达不可数名词的具体数量时，可以用“数词＋单位名词＋of”来表示，其单复数通过单位名词来体现。

I want three glasses of milk.我想要三杯牛奶。

Please give him a piece of paper.请给他一张纸。

也可以用some，any，a lot of，lots of，much，a little等来修饰表示泛指的数量。

He has a lot of time to study.他有大量学习的时间。

对数量进行提问时，how many 后接可数名词复数；how much 后接不可数名词。

—How many oranges did he buy?他买了多少个橘子？

—He bought six oranges.他买了六个橘子。

【例1】I need two ______.

A．spoon of milk B．spoons of milks C．spoons milk D．spoons of milk

【例2】—Could I have something to eat?

—Sure，here's some ______.A．chicken B．tomatoes C．orange D．water

【例3】—How many ______ are there in your basket，Jeff?

—Only three.A．rice B．orange C．hamburgers  D．fruit

Section B 2b   Thanksgiving in the United States

① In most countries，people usually eat traditional food on special holidays .^②These travelers had a long，hard winter，and many of them died.

.^③These days，most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 

^④Next，fill the turkey with this bread mix.

^⑤When it is ready，place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.

知识详解

1．First，put some butter on a piece of bread.首先，在一片面包上涂一些黄油。

【解读】piece n. 片；块；段  它是可数名词。表示不可数名词的量时，可用“基数词＋piece(s) of＋不可数名词”。有时，可数名词也可用此结构。

There are two pieces of bread on the table.桌子上有两块面包。

How many pieces of sandwiches do you need?你需要多少片三明治？

【例题】We want three ______.Can you bring them to us?

A．piece of paper　 B．pieces of papers C．piece of papers  D．pieces of paper

点拨：paper作为“纸张”讲时是不可数名词，故B、C两项错误；piece是可数名词，three后接复数名词，排除A项。句意为“我们想要三张纸。你能带给我们吗？”

2．^①In most countries，people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.

在大多数国家，人们通常在特殊的节日吃传统的食物。

【解读】traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的

Chinese traditional medicine is popular in the world.

在世界上，中国的传统医药是很受欢迎的。

【拓展】tradition n. 传统；惯例；规矩

It is a tradition that the young look after the old in China.

在中国，年轻人照顾老年人是一个传统。

【例题】These are the ______ lifestyles for the Spring Festival.

A．tradition  B．traditions C．traditional  D．traditionally

3.^②These travelers had a long，hard winter，and many of them died.

这些漂泊者过了一个漫长、艰难的冬天，他们中许多人去世了。

【解读】traveler n. 漂泊者；旅行者；游客，也可表达为：traveller。

Every year，many travelers come to China to visit the Great Wall.

【拓展】travel v. 旅行

Where are you going to travel this summer holiday?今年暑假你打算去哪儿旅行？

【例题】The ______ like ______ to many places.A．traveler；traveling B．travel；to travel  C．travelers；traveling D．travel；traveling

点拨：浏览题干和选项可知句意为“游客们喜欢去许多地方旅行”。根据like可知主语是名词复数，C项正确。

4．^③These days，most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.

现在，许多美国人仍然庆祝这个给予感恩的主意，他们通过和家人在家吃大餐进行庆祝。

【解读】本句是简单句。by having a big meal at home with their family是介词短语作状语。

【解读】celebrate v. 庆祝；庆贺，其后接事物。

We're celebrating our grandfather's eightieth birthday.

我们正在庆祝祖父的80岁生日。

They held a party to celebrate his success.他们举行宴会庆祝他的成功。

【例题】Tom ______ his 24th birthday two days ago.

A．celebrate B．celebrates C．celebrated   D．is celebrating

5．^④Next，fill the turkey with this bread mix.下一步，用面包混合物填满火鸡。

【解读】fill v. (使) 充满；装满

常构成短语：fill...with...用……把……装满

He filled the box with apples.他用苹果把盒子装满。

也可构成短语be filled with...填满；充满，相当于be full of。

The glass is filled with water.＝The glass is full of water.

玻璃杯里装满了水。

【例My father is going to fill the basket ____oranges.A．with B．of C．in D．at

6.^⑤When it is ready，place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.

当它准备好后，把火鸡放在一个大盘上，覆盖上肉汁。

【解读】cover v. 遮盖；覆盖　n．覆盖物；盖子

(1)作动词时，可构成短语 cover...with...意为“用……把……覆盖”。

She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子盖起来。

be covered with...被…所覆盖

The playground is covered with snow.操场被雪覆盖了。

(2)作名词I don't like the metal cover.我不喜欢这个金属盖子。

【例1】Please ______the computer with something，or it will get dirty easily.

A．play B．wash C．put  D．cover

点拨：play意为“玩；打；踢”；wash意为“洗”；put意为“放置”；cover意为“覆盖；遮掩”。根据句意“请用某物把电脑盖起来，否则它会很容易变脏的”可知用cover。

【例2】The table is covered ______ some flowers.A．of B．with C．on D．at

点拨：be covered with意为“被……所覆盖”。

7．Finally，serve it to your friends with some other food.

最后，伴着其他食物把它端给你的朋友们。

【解读】serve v．接待；服务；提供

If you come here，I can serve you the best food.

如果你来这儿，我会用最好的食物招待你。

serve sb. sth.＝serve sth. to sb.

Can you serve milk shake to me?你能用奶昔招待我吗？

service n. 服务接待The service in your shop is very good.你的商店的服务很好。

servant n．仆人Many years ago，his family had a few servants.

【例1】The restaurant often serves delicious food ______ customers.

A．for  B．to C．with  D．at

点拨：serve sth. to sb.是固定结构。句意为“这家餐馆经常向顾客提供美味的食物”。

【例2】根据汉语意思完成下列句子

1．好的服务会收到好的报酬。Good ______ can get good rewards.

2．那位仆人工作努力，但吃得不好。The ______ worked hard but couldn't eat well.

交际用语对于别人的建议，你如何表示接受和拒绝呢？

本单元涉及用祈使句来表示建议的交际用语。Let's make fruit salad.咱们做水果沙拉吧。

Let sb.do sth.是常见的祈使句结构，用来表示建议。肯定回答为：Good idea！/OK！/All right！/Not bad！否定回答为：Sorry，I think.../I'm afraid...

—Let's go shopping.咱们去购物吧。

—All right.好吧。

【例1】—Let them ______ the super chicken sandwich.—OK.         

 A．make  B．to makeC．making  D．makes

【例2】—What about going swimming?—______.

A．No，I don't  B．That sounds goodC．That's not a good idea  D．Thank you

写作指导恰当地运用了表示顺序的词：first，next，then，finally，抓住了重点。同时用了一些词语：cut up，put into，turn on等，使文章充实丰满。