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被动语态     教案

主备人：李林丽                                                                                              初备时间：2019年01月10日

Ⅰ. Teaching content and analysis

In this period, students will review the basic structure of passive voice, the change of V-ed and passive voice used in different tenses, which is quite helpful for them.

II. Teaching Objectives

1. Knowledge aims: to enable the students to master the basic structure of passive voice and learn to make their own sentences in passive voice.

2. Ability aim: to develop students’ ability of making sentences.

3. Emotion aim: to develop students’ spirit of cooperation and teamwork.

III. Teaching key points and difficult points

Key and difficult points: how to make students understand the usage of passive voices in English and when to use it.

IV. Teaching Methods

Task-Based Teaching Method, Group Cooperation

V. Teaching Aids

multimedia, blackboard and learning paper

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step I. Self study& Group work（考点感知 ）

Try to find the related testing points in the College Entrance Examination over the past few years to know what should you grasp.

【Summary】

1.被动语态常出现在高考的语法填空题中，常出现的考点是一般现在时的被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。

2.被动语态也会出现在改错题中，考点是主动语态和被动语态的混用。

Step II. Presentation（知识点掌握归纳总结 ）

Point 1.the Usages of the Passive Voice

1.主动语态的主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

2.构成： 助动词 be + done (过去分词)

3.用法： 句中无动作的执行者或强调动作的承受着时，用被动语态。

4.主动语态与被动语态的转换：

     主动：主      +   谓     +     宾

被动：主  +  be + done  +  by + 宾

a  People use knives for cutting things .

   Knives are used for cutting things .[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]

b  They speak English in Canada .

    English is spoken in China .

c  Mr. Hu asks you to finish your homework .

   You are asked to finish you homework by Mr Hu.[来源:学科网]

Point 2.Categories of the Passive Voice

Part A.

1）一般现在时的被动语态        is /are + done

a  Salt is produced in East and South China .

b  Trains are made in Zhuzhou .

2）一般过去时的被动语态        was /were + done

a  The man was caught last night .

b  The cards were made by our teacher yesterday .

3)  一般将来时        is (are) going to / will + be + done

a  The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon .

b  Lost time will never be found again .

4）含情态动词的被动语态       情态动词 + be + done

a  Your teacher must be listened to carefully .[来源:学科网]

b  Homework should be done on time .

Part B.

5)  过去将来时        was (were) going to / would + be + done

a  They said the work would be finished the next day .

6)  现在完成时          have (has) + been + done

a  My bag has been stolen .

b  Many stamps have been collected by me since last year .

7)  过去完成时          had + been +done

a  She said this airport had never been used .

8)  现在进行时          is (are) + being + done

a  A new library is being put up in their school now .

b  The watch is being repaired .

9)  过去进行时          was (were) + being + done

a The equipment was being examined at this time yesterday .

b   The door was being painted at that time .

10) 将来完成时          will + have been +done

11) 过去将来完成时       would + have been +done

Point 3  主动形式表示被动意义

1.某些系动词用主动形势表达被动意义。smell , taste , feel , sound , prove (证明,证实) 等

a. The mixture tasted terrible .   

b. Cotton feels soft .

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动的意义。

draw ,read ,write, clean , move , open , shut , lock ,wash ,buy, cut , sell , eat , wear , catch (常与 well , easily 连用.)

a. The goods sells well .    

b. The poem reads well .

3. need , want , require , worth等后作宾语的- ing 形式的动词,用主动表示被动的意义 .

a. This chair needed repairing .=needed to be repaired .

b. The walls want painting . = want to be painted .

c. The story is worth listening to .( be worth doing sth )

4. 不及物动词主动形式表示被动意义happen, come about,take place, last,   belong to, suit, fit (适合), have, let,fall, cost, break out (爆发), burst out(突然),  hold(容纳),break out(爆发）, come true.

a. How long did it last?

b. I wish my dream would come true.

Point 4  注意事项

1. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态

带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

We always keep the classroom clean.  

→The classroom is always kept clean.  

She told us to follow her instructions.  

→We were told to follow her instructions.  

2.感官动词改为被动语态

在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.  

3.动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词改为被动语态

由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

A. 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。

•The patient is being operated on.  

•The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.  

B. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

•His request was turned down.  

•The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.

4. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语

动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

•I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．

试比较：

•I’ll go to the post office.

•Do you have a letter to be posted?

( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

5. “形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构

在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting .

•English is easy to be learned.    ×

•English is easy (for me) to learn.

•This problem is difficult to work out .

Test for goal

一、语法填空

1.The pen __________ (buy) by Mr. Li..

2.The little girl __________ (call) Snow White.

3.The classroom ____________ (clean) every day.

4.It ___________ (say) that the Amber Room is found.

5.The boat __________ (hit) last year.

6.There were 500 people who ______________ (injure) in the earthquake.

7.The speaking contest _____________ (hold) next Friday.

8.He _____________ (select) as our Monitor tomorrow.

9. The classroom ____________________________ (clean) already.

10.Visitors _____________(request) not to touch the exhibits.

11.By the end of last year, another new gymnasium___________________________                                      in Beijing. (complete)

12.A meeting___________________________ (hold) when I was there.

13.Hundreds of jobs ___________________________ (lose)if the factory closes.

14. He said that the mistakes must_____________(correct) in time.

15.He was made _____________(study) (by his father).

Answers：was/is bought;is called;is cleaned;is said;was hit;were injured;will be held;is going to be elected;has been cleaned;are/were requested;had been completed;was being held;will be lost;be corrected;to study

二、单句改错

1. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help persuaded into buying something they don’t really need.

2.The textbook have listed as a sample by the National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics of the UK.

3.Some are in favor of this idea, thinking monitoring cameras can be using to monitor teachers’ teaching.

4.The owner pointed to the book which placed in a corner.

5. I have being arranged to stay at Brooklyn College Hostel.

6.They will become more meaningful and remembered easily

7. Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.

8. We all believe that this dream will be come true.

9.The house needs repaired.

10.Many houses was destroyed in the war.

Answers：在persuaded的前面加上being；在have的后面加上been；把using改为used；在placed的前面加上was；把being改为been；在remembered之前加上be；将was删除；将be删除；把repaired改为repairing；把was改为were

【Reflection】