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阅读技巧讲解教学设计

I．Teaching aims and demands

1. 了解中考英语阅读考试题型

2. 掌握一定的阅读技巧

3. 完成阅读真题练习

II．Important points

1. 能够在规定时间内完成一定篇幅的阅读文章。

2. 会使用阅读技巧解题

III. Difficult points

1. 巧做判断推理题

2. 学会正确猜测词义

IV. Teaching aids

Computer  papers

V. Teaching methods

1. Task-based teaching method

2. Practice method

VI. Teaching steps                   

Step1 中考考什么

1. 文章的话题—略读文章，领会文章大意的题。

2. 文章的中心题—归纳，概括的能力。

3. 文章的细节—扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。

4. 文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论。

5. 生词词意，猜词—对生词词意的判断能力。

Step2 阅读理解常考四大题型

1. 细节辨认题   2. 词汇障碍题  3. 判断推理题  4. 归纳概括题

Step 3考题再现

1. 【考题再现】细节辨认题（2007兰州中考题）

    Vision-phones can be of great use when you have somethings to show the person whom you are calling.It may also have other uses in the future.Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book right over your vision-phone.You may be able to do some shopping through it, too.

   59.In the future, you can use a vision-phone to _______

   A.read a book

   B.ask an assistant to read a book for you

   C. ask an assistant to bring you a book

   D. ask an assistant to do some shopping for you

【剖析】根据Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book right over your vision-phone.结合someday与题干中的In the future 相等。所以答案为A

2.【考题再现】词语释义题（2007重庆中考题）

When Jack first heard about these children, he wanted to help them. Once Jack went to meet a little girl in Africa. “When I met her, I felt very very happy.” He said “And I saw that the money was used for a good cause. I want to do everything I want to go on helping those children.”

65.The underlined words “for a good cause” means  “_______” in Chinese.

A. 施舍    B. 行善    C. 优惠   D. 赏赐

【剖析】单从cause一词很难判断，cause有“原因，理由，事业”，也有“使引起、使招致的意思。因为整篇文章说的是Jack给儿童的捐款行为。划线短语的句子的意思是：他看到这些钱用于”行善“，这给他带来很多快乐。

3.【考题再现】判断推理题（2007天津中考题）

The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It is cold and dark. The deeper it is,      the less light there is. At the depth of about 3,000feet, there is not light at all.

Besides the cold and darkness, sea animals face a third danger—other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However, some eat meat.

63. How many dangers will animals meet in the deep sea according to  the     passage?        A. One    B. Two     C. Three    D. Four

64. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

    A. When one animal finds something to eat, it may be eaten by others.

    B. Many sea animals eat plants.

    C. The deeper the sea is, the darker it is.

    D. At the depth of 3,000 feet, all animals can find their ways.

【剖析】 63.选C根据文中第五段Besides the cold and darkness, sea animals face a third danger-other animals这组句子。64.选D根据文中第四段第二行At the depth of about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all.可推断；没有光线，就很难找到路，D项不符

4.【考题再现】归纳概括题（2007扬州中考题）

49. What do you think of the taxi driver?_______

A. He was not an honest person.            B. He liked to work very hard.

C. He was good at driving                 D. He was a kind and clever man

【剖析】选A.出租车司机在火车站在载了一名客人去一个很近的酒店，但他却绕路多赚车费。客人非常气愤地说：“What? Fifteen dollars? Do you think I’m a fool? Only last week, I took a taxi from the rail station to the same hotel and I only give the driver thirteen dollars.”从When the taxi driver heard that, he didn’t feel happy any more及But suddenly, he had an idea. He took the passenger through many streets of the city可知司机不诚实。诚实的人很用绕道吗？

Step 4 实践演练

A

Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them.

Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources(资源), we are short of(缺乏) others, for example, fresh water(淡水). It is reported that we will have no coal(煤) or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.

In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps(水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.

◆根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1. From the passage we know that some students often _______ in the school.

A. eat too much  B. don’t work hard  C. waste things   D. throw rubbish everywhere

2. Which is not mentioned in this passage?

A. Fresh water.    B. Forest.            C. Oil.              D. Coal.

3. What may happen in 100 years?

A. We may still have enough oil.             B. We may still have enough coal.

C. We may have a little oil.                    D. We may have no coal or oil to use.

4. Which of the following is right?

A. Waste brings problems.                       B. Waste can bring no problem.

C. China is rich in fresh water.               D. Students never waste things.

5. Which is the best title of this passage?

A. Stop Wasting                                    B. School life

C. Waste in the School                          D. Rich Resources in China

【答案及解析】

1. 选C。从文章的第1句Waste can be seen everywhere in the school.就说明了在学校浪费现象随处可见，故选C。

2. 选B。在第2段中，Fresh water, oil, coal均有提及，但Forest没有提到。故选B。

3. 选D。由第2段的句子It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years.可知，在100年后，我们可能没有coal or oil to use。故答案选D。

4. 选A。短文的第2段第1句Waste can bring a lot of problems就告诉了我们答案，故选Ａ。

5. 选A。在短文的第1段例举一些浪费现象，引出第2段Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. 所以Stop Wasting 为短文的最佳标题。

B

Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends, a candlelight dinner, or perhaps a celebration at a pub(酒馆) for students. But, for Cai Yingjie, the night has a different meaning: helping beggars(乞丐) and the homeless(people without homes).

Cai, who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua, could be found at Beijing’s Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening. When she saw an old beggar, she took the cold, rough hands of the woman with her warm, clean hands, and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves(手套).

The woman was surprised for a few seconds, then burst into tears, saying “for the first time I feel respected(尊重)”.

Cai said, “A beggar’s life is very hard. That’s why I want to help them.”

Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor. They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 pm on Friday, visiting 15 beggars in Beijing’s Haidian District.

They brought bread and gloves with them, and stopped to greet beggars and offer them some of the warm food. Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise.

“I know the activity can’t help much, but it’s meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long,” said Sun, head of the group. “And Christmas is a good time for that.”

◆根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1. What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students?

A. Taking 15 beggars to Tsinghua.    B. Getting together with friends.

C. Showing care to the beggars and the homeless. 

D. Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.

2. What does the beggar mean by saying “for the first time I feel respected”?

A. The beggar has been waiting for Cai for long.

B. The beggar hasn’t been shown care for so long.

C. The beggar has been respecting Cai for a long time.

D. This is the first time the beggar has seen Tsinghua students.

3. What did each beggar feel when they received greetings?

A. Sad  B. Amazed.   C. Frightened.             D.    Proud.

4. The word “neglected” in the last passage means _______.

A. protected     B. found    C. taken care of               D. given no enough care

【答案及解析】

1. 选C。第1段的最后一句…helping beggars(乞丐) and the homeless(people without homes). 就是他们的决定，即去帮助那些乞丐和无家可归的人，给他们以关爱。答案选C。

2. 选B。根据第3段中的 woman所说的话：…for the first time I feel respected(尊重). 我们可以推断出：乞丐们有太长的时间没人关心了。故答案为B。

3. 选B。 在第6段中有这样一句Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. 而B选项中Amazed 的同义表达就是surprised，所以答案为B。

4. 选D。本文讲述了14个清华学子在平安夜帮助流浪汉和乞丐们的故事。这些流浪汉和乞丐们都感到十分的意外和温暖，我们由此可推断他们应该是长期given no enough care(被忽视的)原因。这样我们就可以排除A、B、C三项，最后正确答案为D。

五．巧做阅读理解

１、要严格按文章的内容来回答问题。

有时恰好测试的内容是你所熟悉的题材，这时千万不要按照你对这种题材已具有的知识

来想当然地回答问题。要认真阅读眼前材料各方面的信息。

2、带着问题读文章。

阅读文章前最好把文章后面的问题先看一遍，做到心中有数，然后带着问题去阅读短文，

3、把握住五个“W”和一个“H”。

五个 “W” (who，where，when，what，why)一个 “H” (how)。

4、抓住文章的主题。

在阅读短文时首先要找出本段的主题句，它一般在每段的开头，也有在一段的结尾的情况，

或者隐含在段落中，这就要求同学们正确去判断。

5、注意阅读速度。

在生词率低于5%的阅读材料中，一般阅读速度在每分钟60～80个单词。

6、巧猜词义。

①利用构词法知识猜测词义。

②利用上下文，前后句的相关信息猜测词义。

③运用已学知识猜测词义等。

7、注意认真分析文章体裁。

在记叙性文章中，要注意时间、地点、人物、事件、结果等；在史地知识和科普文章中，应注意人名、地名、数字、年代、作用、现象等。

8、初选答案。

对那些明显的、有把握的题可以马上确定答案，对略难的题，应再查阅短文，迅速找出依据。

对一时无把握的题，可先试选一个，待思考后再决定

9、复读文章，核对答案。

再次通读全文，联系逻辑关系，并依次检查答案

教学反思

 阅读教学在英语教学中有非常重要的地位，以培养学生的阅读能力为主要教学目标，为达到这一目标，不仅需要指导学生学习和掌握课文内容所涉及的语言知识，了解课文内容所涉及的文化背景，更重要的是引导学生掌握不同体裁文章的不同阅读方法和技巧，并在各个教学活动中提高语言的综合运用能力。

语篇整体理解是阅读教学的重要环节，因此阅读第一课时教学是否有效将决定整个阅读教学的成败。 阅读第一课时教学重在运用语篇整体教学模式帮助学生们理清思路，抓住细节，完整、系统地进行语篇阅读与理解，  培养学生用英语进行思维的能力和提高学生的语言运用能力。

仔细分析教材，把握文本特点在阅读教学中显得尤为重要，因为 阅读第一课时重在对文章的整体理解和阅读能力的培养，而阅读能力的提高就需要教师在各个教学环节中渗透阅读策略的指导，使学生在活动中提高阅读技巧。既然是阅读课，就应该给学生足够的阅读和思考时间，引导学生进入文本，体会文本的深层含义，而不仅仅是停留于表面，读过且过。教师应通过教学活动把学生迅速带入问题情境，使他们的注意力集中到语言材料中来，引导他们整理、加工、联想，进行创造性思考，提高他们运用有价值的信息解决问题的能力和语言表达能力。根据不同的文体，如日记、书信、评论等，把握文章整体结构及特点，灵活运用不同的阅读方法，或结合多种方法，如：略读、跳读、细读、推读、概读等。

新课程标准提出教师要转变在教学中的角色，教师不应仅仅是知识的传授者，还应成为学生学习的促进者、指导者、组织者、帮助者、参与者和合作者。教学的过程是教师与学生交流的互动过程，教师需要根据课程的目标、学习活动的要求、学习过程的需要以及学生的需要扮演不同的角色。教师要有意识地引导学生发展自主学习能力，使学生真正成为学习的主体。因此在“读中”（while-reading）这个环节中，教师应尽可能作到以下几点：：1. 任务设计目的明确；2.任务对理解课文具有真实意义；3. 任务应涉及信息的接收、处理和传递等过程；4. 学生应在完成任务的过程中使用英语；5. 学生必须通过主动参与（个人阅读或小组讨论）来完成任务；6. 完成任务后应有一个具体的成果。 同时在问题的设计上照顾到不同层次的学生，做到分层设计任务，分层教学。对较简单的表层问题，让基础较弱的同学来回答，让这些学生在课堂上体验成功的喜悦。在 “快速阅读”（Fast-reading）后的问题设计即是遵循这个原则。在“仔细阅读”（Careful-reading）过程中，让学生判断句子正误。采用抽取卡片的方式，让一个同学读，然后让另外一个学生回答正确与否。这样既能锻炼学生读的能力，又能检验学生的听力水平，同时有可以激发学生积极主动参与课堂活动的意识。新课程倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式，目的是帮助学生树立主体意识，进行个性化的独立思考和学习探究，并能形成个性化的理解和结论。独自解决不了的问题才有必要提交小组讨论，并在师生、生生的互动中解决问题。对于课文中比较难的深层问题，让英语程度好些的学生回答，或采取分组讨论的方式进行。例如分析每段的段落大意，就是采取小组活动的方式来进行的，让每位小组成员都能参与到活动中来，充分发挥学生的合作意识和创新意识。在“巩固”（Consolidation）环节中，针对短文完形填空（Fill in the blanks）的检查，多数同学能较快较准确地完成，基本达到预期目标。同时，针对新的高考题型，每篇阅读都配有任务型阅读，这样可以让学生时时都在接触高考。最后的总结(Summary)部分，让学生自己总结这节课所学到的东西。

阅读策略的指导和教授应融合在各个教学环节中，而不是与教学内容和教学活动割裂，空谈理论。使学生通过参与活动，踊跃发言，增强学习英语的兴趣，开阔视野，加大信息输入量，使他们英语语言知识更具交际性，同时训练了他们的思维能力，提高了他们的认识能力，培养了他们的自学能力，促进他们由知识型向智能型转变，掌握阅读各种阅读技能。

授之以鱼，不如授之以渔。现代教育更重视培养学生的自我发展能力，这就要求教师不仅要教学生“学会”，而且还要教学生“会学”。要用各种方法教会学生“怎样学”, 使学生具备学习和运用英语的能力。在阅读过程中根据不同的阅读目的和要求, 采取不同的阅读方式和策略, 遵循由浅入深, 由表及里, 由具体到概括的顺序要求阅读，从而有效的提高学生的阅读水平。