发布者:卜博文 所属单位:遂溪县杨柑中学 发布时间:2019-05-17 浏览数( -) 【置顶】 【推荐】 【举报】
现在完成时(I)
一、 定义:
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
二、结构: 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
we He
They She
I have It has
you (三单)
练习:选用have/has 填空:
1. Our teacher _____ studied Japanese for three years.
2.The Smiths ______ lived in China for 8 years.
3.How long _____ you been here?
4.______the bus left yet?
5.Jack _______ already finished his homework.
6.I _______not met my net friends yet.
三、句式转换:
否定句:在have或has后加not(haven’t / hasn’t)
疑问句:将have/has放在句首 (Have you…? Has he…?)
肯定式 否定式
I/You/We/They have finished the work. I/You/We/They have not finished the work.
He/She/It has finished the work. He/She/It has not finished the work.
疑问式 回答
Have I/you finished the work? (肯)Yes, you/I have .(否)No, you/I haven’t.
Has he/she finished the work? (肯)Yes, he/she has. (否)No, he/she hasn’t.
四、时间标志词
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already(已经),yet(还没、已经)just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)...times(...次)等连用。
e.g. I have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿)
2.过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
e.g.I have lived here for ten years.
e.g.I have lived here since 2004.
五、过去分词的构成:
规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。
(注:例子中单词的变化顺序为:动词原形 → 动词的过去式 → 动词的过去分词)
一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同
规则变化:
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如:
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如:
like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。如:
stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化:
5. 以不变应万变。如:
let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。如:
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。如:
lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如:
buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought;
catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
9.将i 改为a,变成过去式,改为u变成过去分词
drink→drank→drunk; begin→began→begun; sing→sang→sung
构词变化形式:
(1)A--A--A
cut → cut → cut; read → read → read;
(2)A--B---B
think → thought → thought; shoot → shot → shot; lose → lost → lost;
(3)A--B--C
choose → chose→ chosen; take→ took → taken; do → did → done;
(4) A--B---A
run → ran → run; come→ came → come; sing→ sang → sung
活学活用:
1. Write the forms of the past tense and past participle:
drink ______ ______ build ______ ______ meet_____ ______
see ______ ______ go ______ ______ come_____ ______
find ______ ______ get ______ ______ bring______ ______
leave ______ ______ be ______ ______ sing ______ _______
tell ______ ______ buy ______ ______ cut _____ ______
make______ ______ take_______ _______ lose ______ _______
语法重点:
注:already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词,但它们的用法不同。
◆already一般用于肯定句中。如:
We have already cleaned up our classroom.
注意:already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。如:
Have you finished your homework already? I can’t believe it.
yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。如:
Have you seen her yet?
The bus hasn’t come yet.
练习:选用already 与yet 填空:
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I know him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3.She has ________ come.
4.I haven’t read it ______.
5.Have you seen the film ______?
6.They have _______found the dog, haven't they?
现在完成时(II)
一.表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用,如
“for+时间段”、“since+过去时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”、
“so far=up to now” 至今 “in the past/last few years”在过去的几年里
e.g. Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
I haven’t seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。
(注:for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。)
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.
含有for,since的现在完成时的用法歌诀:
过去的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,for、since 把时间带。
二.句子中动词的特点:
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。
1. 这本书我买了5年了。
I have bought the book for five years. ( × )
I’ve had the book for five years. ( √ )
2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了?
How long has your brother joined the army? ( × )
How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( √ )
三.1. 转换为相应的延续性动词,用于现在完成时。
borrow — keep buy — have put on — wear
catch a cold — have a cold get to know — know get to sleep — sleep
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on(开始) go out — be out(出去)
close — be closed (关闭) open — be open (打开)
get to/arrive/reach — be (in)(到达) die — be dead (死亡)
finish — be over (完成) fall sleep — be asleep(睡着)
join — be in/be a member of(参加) become — be (变成)
make friends —be friends (交朋友) come/go/ — be + 相应的介词短语(来/去)
leave — be away(离开) come back---be back(回来)
Exercise:
1. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks.
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept
四、have been to ,have been in, have gone 的区别:
比较:He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。(人已回来,可能在这儿)
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。(人已走,不在这儿)
have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”,说话时此人不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。
have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”,说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里,反正不在这里。 (当have / has been to 中的to后为表示地点的副词there, here等时,to要省略)
have been in sw 呆在某处一段时间了(时间状语由for/since引导)
e.g.Jerry have been in New York for 4 days.
Exercise:
1. —Have you ever ________ an amusement park?
—Yes, I have. I ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been to C. go to; went to D. been to; went to
2. —Dad, where is mom?
—She ________ the supermarket.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. is going to
3. —How many times ________ Carl ________ to the Great Wall?
—Only once.
A. does; go B. did; go C. has; gone D. has; been
4. —Where is your father, Bruce?
—He ________ Shanghai. He’ll be back in 3 days.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to
5. —May I speak to Mr. Black?
—Sorry, he ________ Hong Kong. But he ________ back in a few days.
A. has been to; will come B. has gone to; will come C. has been to; came D. has gone to; came
五、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
比较:I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容)
I saw the film last month. 我上个月看了这部电影。 (只说明上星期看了这部电影),
①一般过去时只强调过去的动作;现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。
② 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时则不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
③ 一般过去时单纯表示过去的经历;现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态延续到现在并可能持续下去。
练习:
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. I _______ (join) the book club last month and I _________ (read) five books already.
2. I only _______ (start) taking French classes last week and I ___________ (learn) 50 French words already.
3. Tony ________ (buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he ____________ (listen) to it yet.
4. They ___________ (listen) to many songs by The Beatles, but they cannot ________ (sing) any of them.
5. She _________ (see) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she _________ (have) anytime to read it yet.
【句型巩固】
1. Nancy has to do some exercise to keep healthy. (改为否定句)
Nancy ____________ ___________ to do _________ exercise to keep healthy.
2. Nancy has had breakfast. (改为否定句)
Nancy ______ _______breakfast.
3. I have a backache.(一般疑问句并回答)
_______ you ________ a backache ? –Yes,I _____.No,I ______.
4. I have been to Shanghai twice. .(一般疑问句并回答)
______ you _______ to Shanghai twice.?- Yes,I _____.No,I _______
5.Tom joined the army four days ago(改同义句)
Tom ______ ________ _______ the army for four days.
6 他们来这里多久了(完成译句)
_______ ________ have they ________ here?.
【语法过关】 单选题
( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
( )5、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
( )6、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
( )7、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
( )8、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
( )9.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
( )10.How long have you _______here?
A. come B. arrived. C. got D. been
( )11.He is not at home,he has______Jiefangbei.
A.been to B.go to C.gone to D.been in
( )12,She _____in Chongqing 5 days ago,she has_____ in Chongqing for 5 days
A.arrived,arrived B.been,arrived C. arrived,been D.got, been
( )13.His grandpa_______since 2000
A.died B.has been deaded C.has been dead D.has died
( )14—Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? —Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see
( ) 15—Lunch? —No, thanks. I__________.
A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten
( ) 16— When _____ the film _____ ? —It _____ for five minutes.
A.has/ begun; began B.did/ begin; has been on
C.has/begun; has been on D.will/ begin; is going to begin
( )17—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’office?—Maybe he ________ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. haven’t finish