发布者:李宇红 所属单位:吴川市川西中学 发布时间:2019-06-01 浏览数( -) 【举报】
定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,,why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。
定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
(一)关系代词的用法
who指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人,是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,在非正式文体、口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物,是所有格,在定语从句中作定语。 如,
The tall man who is standing over there is my brother.(who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句,用以修饰who的先行词man,who在从句中作主语)
2, that多用来指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物时的用法与which基本相同,作宾语常可省略。 如,
Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?(that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句,用以修饰that的先行词man,that在从句中作主语)
注意:先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing that I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen .
5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had .
3, which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如,
The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy.( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语从句,用以修饰which的先行词book,which在从句中作宾语,因此可省略)
(一) ,关系副词的用法
1, where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。 如,
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2,when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如,
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
二、单项选择填空:
1. A football fan(球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
2. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
3. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
4. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
5. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
6. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
7. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
8. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
9. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
10. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D. on which