发布者：占春苗 所属单位：雷州市第三中学 发布时间：2019-06-02 浏览数( -) 【举报】
非 谓 语 动 词
所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式:
动词不定式（时态与语态）：
主 动 式 | 被 动 式 | |
一般式 | to do | to be done |
完成式 | to have done | to have been done |
进行式 | to be doing |
1. 作主语:
To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.
3. 作宾语: He decided to buy a computer.
4. 作宾语补足语: Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.
[注]：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody___________(laugh).
但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.
如: We are made ________________(write) a composition every week by the teacher.
5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.
[注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语
He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning.
6. 不定式作状语: To see what would happen, we stayed there.
二、分词 （ 现在分词 和 过去分词 ）
（一）V-ing 形式（时态与语态）：
主 动 式 | 被 动 式 | |
一般式 | doing | being done |
完成式 | having done | having been done |
1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn’t go to school.
2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess.
3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important.
4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home.
5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.
注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）
规则的：V-ed ； 不规则的（记不规则动词表）
1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish).
2. ___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：
现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）
过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）
1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news.
2. 作定语: Don’t disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.
3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted.
[注]： 有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程
I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。
I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。
4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the bus
Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.
Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
Compare:
1. _______________ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs
2. ________________ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.
三、 动名词 （V-ing）
1.作主语和表语
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：
Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.
[注]：在 “It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语 “it”
It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?
2. 作宾语 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，
则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：
We don't allow_______________ (smoke) here．
We don't allow anybody ________________ (smoke) here
3. 作介词宾语
Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?
Children are fond of reading detective stories.
[注]某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词
He is busy (in) preparing a report.
They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.
We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding his house.
非 谓 语 动 词 需要注意的几个问题:
（一）、不定式的逻辑主语
一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：
It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. I found it impossible _____ him to do the job alone.
但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：
It was wise of him to do that. It was very brave ________ him to catch the thief.
（二）、 不定式的主动式还是被动式
作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式
I have a meeting to attend. The teacher gave John a book to read,
若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态： Here are the clothes to be washed
（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大
如；a) remember to do （记住要做某事）, remember doing（记得曾做过某事）
b) forget to do （忘记要做某事）, forget doing （忘记曾做过某事）
c) regret to do （因要做某事感到不安）, regret doing（因做了某事感到后悔）
（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：
interesting令人感兴趣的 --interested感到有趣的； exciting令人激动的 --excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的 --delighted感到高兴的； disappointing令人失望的 --disappointed感到失望的
（五）、admit, advise, avoid, can't help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。
The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.
（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote … to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。
(1) I'm looking forward to seeing you again.
(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.
（七）、主动形式表示被动意义
① 动词want, need, require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing.
= The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed.
②形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。例：The film is worth seeing.
③某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例：
This question is easy to answer.（＝To answer this question is easy.）
语法填空 --- 高考真题回顾
（一）、全国卷：
真题再练： 在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。
1.(2015卷I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
2.(2015卷I·70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
3.(2015卷II·61) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) ______ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by…
4.(2015卷II·64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ______ (use) electric equipment.
5.(2015卷II·66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day.
6.(2014卷I·65) But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
7.(2014卷I·68) While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
8.(2014卷II·41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ______ (be) late for school.
9.(2014卷II·43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ______________ (disappoint).
10.(2014卷II·46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _________(stop) until we reached the next stop.
短文错误 --- 高考真题回顾
1. (2015新课标卷II) After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that ……
2. (2013新课标卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.
3.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.