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Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

Section A 3 (Grammar focus – 4c)

                    执教者：潘连梅

学习目标：

★ 知识目标

掌握现在完成时的用法

★ 能力目标

 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时

 正确运用for 和since的用法

★ 情感目标

正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。

★ 学习过程

Learning objective

To learn the usage of for and since.

1. --How long have you had that bike over there?

    --I’ve had it for three years.

2. --How long has his son owned the train and railway set?

    --He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.

Step 1 Group work

完成下列句子。

1. — How long have you had that bike over there?  

— I’ve had it for three years.

2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set?

  He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.

3. Have you ever played football?    

Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.

Step 2 现在完成时

现在完成时的持续性用法

现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since, for等。

1. since意为“自从……以来”, 它既可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时, 后接表示过去的时间点, 表示某事开始的时间；作连词时, 引导时间状语从句, 从句常用一般过去时。如：

  We have been here since last Sunday / two years ago.

  Mr. Jones has worked here since he was twenty-five.

2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。如：

    I have studied here for three years.

    She has been away for five days.

注意：

1. 对since和 for引导的时间状语提问时, 常用how long。如：

  Jane has learned to play the piano

  since two years ago.  (对划线部分提问)

  How long has Jane learned to play the piano?

2. 在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。如：

  They have lived here for five years.

  =They have lived here since five years ago.

3. 在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。如：

  Mike has come to London for three weeks. (×)

  They haven’t seen each other for ages. (√)

短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词

和与表示状态的短语之间的转化

1. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有：

    become → be    borrow → keep       buy → have / own   

    catch a cold → have a col         come → stay    put on → wear

    go to sleep → sleep  move to → live in

2. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有：

    leave → be away        begin / start → be on

    die → be dead      finish → be over

    join → be in / be a member of      fall asleep → be asleep   

    marry → be married        come / arrive here → be here

中考链接

1. —It's time to work now.

  —OK. I'll wake Carl up. He ______ for an hour. (2018青岛)

    A. has fallen asleep          B. has been asleep

    C. fell asleep               D. falls asleep

2. —Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?

  —In April. I ________ it for two months. (2018黄冈)

    A. have had           B. had    

    C. have bought         D. bought

3. —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?

  —Yes, he is. He ________ history for nearly 20 years. (2018北京)

    A. teaches             B. has taught

    C. is teaching          D. will teach

4. A China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.

    (2018福建)

    A. makes        B. made      C. has made

5. —When will A Bite of China Ⅲ begin tonight?

—It ________ for ten minutes. (2018天水)

A. will begin         B. has begun   

    C. will be on         D. has been on

6. —Are you a basketball player in your school?

  —Yes. I _______ the team 3 years ago. I _______ in it for 3 years. (2017眉山)

    A. joined; was                   B. was joined; am

    C. have joined; have been          D. joined; have been

7. —Do you still play basketball?

  —Oh, no. I ________ it for the past two years. (2018武汉)

    A. haven't played                 B. didn't play

    C. won't play                   D. hadn't played

BABCDDA

Step 3 Work on 4a 

Rewrite the sentences using for or since

1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.

Jim has been in Japan for three years.

2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.

They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.

3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.

I have had a camera since 2009.

4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.

I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.

5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.

Linda has been ill since Monday.

Step 4 Work on 4b

Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. I __________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.

2. They _____________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog.

3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We ______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.

4. Cathy and Amy __________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _______ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.

5. This museum __________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.

Step 5 Group work

4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.

1. Do you have a(n) _______? How long have you had it?

2. Do you own a(n)_______? How long have you owned it?

Summary

1. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构：

  疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词+ 其他成分。询问时间长短的疑问词

  用how long。

2. 介词for后接一段时间，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久。

3. since有两种用法，分别是：

① 作为介词，接一个时间名词；

② 作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句。

   since表示“自……以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到

现在。

Step 6 Exercise

Ⅰ.用since或for填空。

1. Jim has been in Ireland ________ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland ________ three days.

3. Two years has passed ________ he left Beijing.

4. Molly has kept the book ________ two years ago.

5. India has been an independent country ________ 1947.

6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ________ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ________ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital ________October.

Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I ________ already ________ the film. I ________ it last week. (see)

2. —________ he ________ (finish) his work today?

  —Not yet.

3. My father ________ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. —Where's Li Ming?

  —He ________ (go) to the teacher's office.

5. I ___________ (work) here since I ________ (move) here in 1999.

6. So far I __________ (make) quite a few friends here.

7. —How long ________ you ________ (stay) here?

  —For two weeks.

8. Stephen Hawking ____________ (die) for over 3 months, but his spirit still lives on.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

10. ________ you ________ (find) your science book yet?

Step 7 Homework

1. Review Grammar.

2. Finish the exercises in the workbook. 

课程规划及修改：这节课思路比较清晰，重点突出，即让学生掌握现在完成时的用法 ，正确运用for 和since的用法。对重点难点语法讲解非常详细，到位。语法练习合理，形式多样，目标非常明确，并且与中考链接，能够做到让学生讲练结合，学以致用，教学效果比较好。如果是由我来设计课程，我会做以下改动：

为了正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时，我会通过复习一般过去式导入现在完成时，教学环节由浅入深，层层深入，在已有的知识基础上引入新知，符合认知规律。练习和作业方面各增加一道含有一般过去式和现在完成时的练习。