发布者：李润泽 发布时间：2019-04-19 浏览数( 0) 【举报】
教学目标：
知识目标：
（1）.了解高考短文改错试题结构相对稳定。即：设置10项判断。其中有去词，加词和改词三项，共10处错误。
（一般情况下，去词和加词各出现一个，其余为改词。）
（2）．掌握做短文改错的几种方法。并运用到实际学习中。
能力目标：
（1）．要求答题规范，在做题中遵循规范化模式。
（2）．充分运用教学中使用的预习提纲、学习目标去预习----学习---巩固所学知识。
情感目标：
高考临近老师要使学生在愉快中了解学习方法，从而自如、自信的运用所学知识去迎接高考
教法：
教学方法：采用问答式、讲练形式、小组活动和个体活动相结合方法.
教学重难点：
1. 重点：
短文改错方法中的：动词的混用；虚词的添加与删除，逻辑不清，固定用法的误判等
1．难点：
正确运用“浏览全文，了解大意。逐句分析，逐句改错。复读全文，仔细推敲，最后复查”的解题策略
教学步骤
一．高考短文改错的考察方式
Unnecessary word 1. I can go to home now.
Missing word 2. I like playing piano.
Wrong word2. 3. I am fond at English.
二 利用歌诀，理清思路
“短文改错要做好， 常见类型应记牢，
名词爱考“数”与“格”， 冠词在前“错”“多”“少”，
动词时态和语态， 非谓语搭配莫错了，
连代形副错一样， 多是故意来混淆，
介词多半错搭配， 多漏误用想周到，
句法涉及到“一致”， 从句关系词常考，
词法句法均未错， 逻辑推理去寻找，
“118”惯常比， 回读复查敲定稿。”
1. 名词爱考“数”与“格”
错误类型：
名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。
改正方法：
①分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。
②分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。
常考的不可数名词有fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news等。
名词练习题：
[例1]…give me some advises on how to write like a real writer.
[例2]Christie was one of my best friend at high school.
[例3]When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
[例4]I was playing at my cousin house.
2. 冠词在前“错”“多”“少”
错误类型：
①不定冠词a和an的误用；元音发音开头的单词前用a修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用an修饰
②定冠词the和不定冠词的误用。表示“一……”的含义时不用a/an修饰名词，然而不可数名词前却用a/an修饰；表示特指时不用the修饰名词，不表示特指时却用the修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用the。
改正方法：
分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an 修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。
冠词练习题：
[例1]Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one.
[例2]Just before I turned corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident.
[例3] Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.
3. 动词时态和语态
错误类型：
①动词的时态和语态误用；②主谓一致误用。
改正方法：
命题人经常在动词的形态上设置错误，特别是一般现在时和一般过去时，现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时之间的替换是命题人命题的热点，因此看到动词时，一定要根据上下文和时间状语检查动词的时态和语态的运用及谓语的单复数是否正确。
动词练习题：
[例1] My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.
[例2] There exist now a park that has a small river running through.
[例3] The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.
[例4] Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen anywhere.
4. 非谓语搭配莫错了
错误类型：
①不定式符号to的多余与遗漏；
②to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用；
③介词后动词形态的误用；
④现在分词与过去分词的误用。
⑤动词与非谓语动词混用错误
改正方法：
①不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语动词，具体形式由非谓语成分决定。
②要牢记make、have、let后跟动词作宾补时不加to，作主补时要加to；
③介词后作宾语的动词形态用动名词形式；
④现在分词和过去分词的区别为：前者表示“动作主动和进行”，后者表示“动作被动和完成”。
⑤考生要加强对含to短语的积累和总结，注意to何时能够省略，何时为介词，何时为不定式。
非谓语练习题：
[例1] I look forward to see her again in the near future.
[例2] After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.
[例3]I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
[例4]So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.
[例5] I was at the Shanhai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.
[例6] I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple.
5. 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。
错误类型：
①形容词和副词的误用；
②形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的误用。
③人称代词主格和宾格的误用；
④代词前后指代的误用；
⑤不定代词的误用；
⑥反身代词的误用。
改正方法：
表语和补语为形容词，名词前的定语为形容词;
副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词、介词短语或整个句子；
比较级用于两个人、物之间做比较；
最高级用于三个或以上的人、物之间做比较。
分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代；
主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。
分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词。
形容词与副词的练习题：
[例1] I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face!
[例2] The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
[例3] When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.
[例4] I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
[例5] …because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.
[例6] I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
[例7] After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you , Mother. But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me,” said Mother cheerfully.
[例8] There was one in particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.
[例9] For a while parents bought me new toys.
6. 介词多半错搭配，多漏误用想周到。
错误类型：
多用、少用与误用介词。
改正方法：
分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、 名词、 形容词、副词等的搭配。常考查含有介词的固定短语，因此要加强对短语的积累。
介词练习题：
[例1] From then on, we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails.
[例2] I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to return to your bike on time yesterday.
[例3] Two years ago, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car.
[例4] It was so kind for you to let us bring Anne’s friend, Gina.
7逻辑关系
错误类型：
①否定词特别是not、never等的漏用；
②连词的多用、少用和误用；
③定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用；
④名词性从句中连接词的误用，特别是what和that的误用。
改正方法：
在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等词的使用是否正确。另外，考生在理解句意的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，判断定语从句和名词性从句引导词的使用是否正确。
逻辑关系练习题：
[例1] All I had to do was to write a story or present it.
[例2] It was turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shelf by mistake.
[例3] In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.
[例4] The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.
三．Exercise 短文改错
At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dance happily.
四．小节
（一）做短文该错应采取三个步骤
1.通读短文，掌握大意
2.细读全文，逐一作答
3.复读全文，验证答案
（二）特点
1 一般以三种题型出现:增加,删除或修改。
2 设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑
3 从错误比例上看，错词最多。
五．Homework
短文改错练习：
My dear students．I didn’t know what I should say to some of you who is still addicted to the Internet．As teacher.I’d like to remind you that you’re wasting your time，energy，or even your life.You can never find the losing time and youth again.As students,we should value the limited time to study hard .As you know you’11graduate the school in two months or so.After graduation you won’t possibly find out so good a condition to study in．So make full use every minute to study hard so that you won’t feel sadly in the future．