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高二英语 选修6 第一单元 语法导学案

Unit 1 Art  Period 3 Grammar

主编人：李红     审核人：曾献和     编制时间：2018年 10月25 日

授课人：               授课班级：                授课时间：          

本周导学案个数：          导学案累计个数：             累计课时：

学习目标：

1. 掌握本课语法虚拟语气的用法，并理解其含义；

2. 能够利用虚拟语气的知识作对相应练习题，学会灵活使用。

重点难点：

虚拟语气的几种特殊句式；if 条件句中虚拟语气句式

学习方法：

观察、总结、归纳、探究

Step 1【Pre-reading 课前预习】

一、语气的分类

陈述语气

I went to the theatre yesterday.

Jack hadn’t come back home yet.

祈使语气
Let’s go.
Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.

虚拟语气
If I were you, I would not leave her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.

二、 虚拟语气

    虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，它主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。

Step 2【Self-study 自主学习】

一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法：

表示与现在事实相反时的谓语形式。

例如：If I were (be) a bird, I could fly in the sky.

        如果我是一只鸟，我就可以在天上飞了。

If I had (have) a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

         如果我现在有很多钱，我会周游世界。

表示与过去事实相反的谓语形式。

例如：If I had left (leave) a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus.

        如果我早一点离开，我就会赶上那趟早班车了。

If you had taken (take) my advice, you wouldn’t have been late for the meeting.
　　        如果你听了我的建议，你开会就不会迟到了。

表示与将来事实相反的谓语形式。

例如： were to rain tomorrow,

If it  should rain tomorrow, they would not go out.如果明天下雨，他们就不出去了。

       rained tomorrow,

4. if虚拟句的省略和倒装(如if虚拟句中含were，had，should，可以省去if，然后将从句中的were，had，should提到主语前)

1). If I were you, I would apologize to her.

=Were I you, I would apologize to her.

2). If I had known her telephone number, I would have told you.

= Had I known her telephone number, I would have told you.

3). If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home watching TV.

=Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home watching TV.

5. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气：

   有时假设的条件下不通过条件从句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文或用介词短语without，but for，otherwise 等来表示“要不是”“如果没有”等意思。

例如：Without your help, I could not have succeeded in passing the exam.

 But for your advice, I would have failed.

 Tom must have left for America yesterday. Otherwise, he would have come to my party.

6. 错综时间条件句：

  在错综时间条件句中，条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，因此动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

例如：If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. （从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反）

      If I were you, I would have taken her advice yesterday. （从句与现在事实相反, 主句与过去事实相反）

二、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

1. wish后的宾语从句

wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。  

Eg. 1) I wish I were (be) a bird. 我希望我是一只鸟。

2) How I wish I hadn’t told (not tell) him the truth before! 我多么希望我以前没有告诉他那个事实。

3) I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 但愿你不要再问愚蠢的问题了。

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)

（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)

2. would rather后的宾语从句

would rather（宁愿） 后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。

Eg. I'd rather you went (go) there now. 我宁愿你现在就去那里。 

I would rather he came (come) to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿他明天来看我。 

I would rather he hadn't told (not tell) you about it. 我宁愿他没有把这件事告诉你。

3. 表示要求、命令、建议的宾语从句  

一个坚持insist                    两个命令order, command

三个建议suggest, advise, proposal   四个要求demand, require, request, desire

这些动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。

Eg. My father suggested that I (should) take enough sleep before the final examination.

爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足。

He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.他坚持要求我们把这个消息告诉。

注意：如suggest 表示暗示，表明 或insist 表示坚持说，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气，该用什么时态用什么时态。

1) He insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be sent (send) to hospital at once.

2) He suggested that we (should) have (have) a meeting at once.

3) His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill.

Step 3【Classroom quiz当堂检测】

一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. If there were (be) no subjective mood (虚拟语气), English would be much easier.

2. If my lawyer had been(be) here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

3. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven (drive) in turn, you wouldn’t get (not get) so tired now.

4. — If he had been warned (warn), he would not have taken (not take) that food.

  — Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.  

5. If you had studied (study) hard at that time, you would be a college student now.  

6. How I wish every student had (have) a scientific and systematic study method!

7. She wishes she had gone (go) to the theatre last night.

8. Without electricity, life would be (be) quite different today.

9. The boss demanded that the work (should) be finished (finish) within a week.

10. If it rained/were to rain/should rain (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.

11. If it rains (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet will be put off.

12. I don’t know the word. If I knew (know) the meaning of it, I wouldn’t have to look it up.

13. I’d rather she came (come) tomorrow.

14. I'd rather they hadn't dropped (not drop) out of school last year.

15. We didn’t do it well for lack of time. If we had been given (give) more time, we would/could have done (do) it better.

二、短文改错

Last week, my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s ∧afamous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon that we arrived at the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautifully. Time passes quickly. Evening came, and we spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.

【Reflection after class 课后反思】