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阅读理解之推理判断题

【命题分析】

在阅读中，如果文章作者运用的语言比较直率，表达比较直截了当，那么即便我们仅仅理解其字面意思，也不会影响我们的理解。然而，大多数情况下，我们所读的文章比较含蓄，作者经常把需要我们理解的意思不直接表达出来，而期待我们去领悟文章的内在含义。

这种情况下，如果我们只理解语言的字面意思，就会妨碍我们对文章真正内涵的理解。我们只有通过作者所提供的信息，进行推理、作出结论，才能达到真正理解文章的目的。在推理时，我们必须：

1．理解文章的字面意义；

2．注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄意义；

3．时刻提醒自己，作者想让我们推断什么；

4．利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文章中的隐含意义。

推理判断题的命题方式一般有：

We can infer from the passage that________.

The story suggests that________.

The writer of this passage intends to________.

The writer’s purpose of writing the passage is to________.

The passage is probably taken from________.

The writer of the passage considers it________.

Which of the following best describes the character of something?

【技法指导】

推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。关键是要对文章已给的信息进行合理的分析判断，做到“有理有据”。考生应主要注意以下几点：

1．要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。

2．要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断，进行符合逻辑地推理。

3．要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

4．要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。

【以例说法】

(2012·大纲全国高考ⅠD篇)

Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.

He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins“Twinkle，twinkle，little star”or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as“Twinkle，twinkle. little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one’s future development.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇科普短文，介绍了过度学习在人的学习过程中所起的重要作用。

1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B．Children have a better memory than grown­ups.

C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D．Stories for children are easy to remember.

解析：段意推断题。在第一段中作者举出了游泳、骑自行车、打球以及妈妈能够教自己的孩子背诵诗歌、给孩子讲故事等实例来说明人们对于童年时学到的东西有很好的记忆，所以A项正确。第一段的第一句就是该段的主题句，据此也可得知答案。

2．The author explains the law of overlearning by________.

A．presenting research findings

B．setting down general rules

C．making a comparison

D．using examples

解析：推理判断题。作者在文章中使用了游泳、骑自行车、背诵儿歌和故事、学习乘法口诀、突击学习应付考试以及过后几乎忘记所有内容等多个例子来说明过度学习的法则，所以D项正确。

4．What does the word“they”in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Commonly accepted rules.

B．The multiplication tables.

C．Things easily forgotten.

D．School subjects.

解析：推理判断题。分析整段意义可知because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood中的they指代的就是前面提到的乘法口诀表，前半句表示我们在学校里学到的东西容易被迅速忘记，但乘法口诀表是一个例外，所以B项正确。