提交者:学员谢晓于提交时间: 2019-05-22 21:49:38 浏览数( 0 ) 【举报】

2019年中考英语语法复习方案13《特殊句式》

【趋势解读】

初中阶段特殊句式的考查主要是对感叹句、存在句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句的考查，考生需牢记与其相关的句型才能正确做题。其中，倒装句与省略句的考查往往难度较大，是考生容易忽视与出错的知识点。预计中考及自主招生关于本专题知识命题趋势如下:

各地中考时态考查的热点为感叹句、存在句与反意疑问句。而自主招生考试对这6类句式都有可能涉及，又主要考查反意疑问句的特殊结构、倒装句、强调句及省略句，对考生要求较高，分值为2~5分。

【思维引导】

精彩笔记1 so, neither倒装句型

倒装属于语法中语序的范畴。自然语序基本是主语在前谓语在后，那么倒装语序是谓语在前，主语在后。完全倒装即将谓语的全部(主要是指其实义动词)置于主语之前;部分倒装是指只将谓语的一部分(系动词、助动词和情态动词)置于主语之前，实义动词仍然保留在主语之后。

(1) Lucy is a good student, and so is Lily.露西是好学生，莉莉也是(好学生)。

“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适用于后边的人(或物)，意为“……也……”。

(2) If you do not go swimming, neither shall I.如果你不去游泳，我也不去。

“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适用于后边的人(或物)，意为“……也不……”。

核心题根1 (1)—I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.— ，and .

A. So she did; so did I B. So did she; so I did

C. So she was; so I was D. So was she; so I was

思路点拨:①句意:一我听说杨艳在昨天的毕业典礼上作了一场英语演

讲。一确实如此，而且我也演讲了。根据题意，应该是前者表确认、肯定，意为

“的确如此”，而后者意为“……也做了”。② C, D是错误的选项，上句中

“made”是实义动词，后面的倒装句的助动词要与其保持一致。③“她确实如

此”要用so she did，用来表达对前面情况的肯定、确认，不能倒装。

(2)—I haven't seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. 一 .

A. Neither have I B. So have I

C. Neither I have D. So I have

思路点拨:句意:一我没有看过《加勒比海盗:惊涛怪浪》这部电影。一我也没看过。由题意可知这里是表示否定的回答，当用neither时，要用倒装句形式。

(3)—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. 一，and so did I.

A. So she had B. So had she

C. So she did D. So did she

思路点拨:句意:—Maggie在晚会上玩得很高兴。一她确实玩得很高兴，我也玩得很高兴。so引起的省略句，表示与前句肯定的内容呼应，与前面内容一致时，要用倒装结构，即“so+助动词(be/情态动词)+主语”。本题答语中的and so did I就是这种结构。而空白处是对前面所说话的确认、同意或肯定，因此不用倒装。注意:“had”在题干中不是助动词。

易错警示

“so/neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语+谓语”句型中的“be/助动词/情态动词”在形式上必须与前句的谓语动词保持一致;而其单复数则由后面的主语决定。

同类变式1 (1)一I never drink coffee. 一 .

A. So do I B. So did I

C. Neither did I D. Neither do I

(2) —Tom, I'm watching a football match. What about you? 一 .

A. So do I B. So am I

C. So I do D. So I am

(3)—Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. 一 .

A. So it is B. So is it

C. So does it D. So it does

易错警示

so I do与so do I不同。在“so I do”中so引起的省略句不作“也……”讲，只是对前面的情况表示确认、肯定，这时省略的主语和谓语不必倒装，意为“的确如此”。如:

一He has made great progress.他取得了很大进步。

—Yes, so he has.是的，他确实是(取得进步)。

And so have you.你也是(取得很大进步)。

精彩笔记2 there be句型

there be句型是表示“存在”的一个句型，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。谓语动词除了be还可以是表示状态的不及物动词，如seem, happen, live, stand, lie等。

Once upon a time, there lived a monk in the temple.从前这座庙里有个和尚。

核心题根2 There still some milk in the fridge. It's not necessary to go to the store today.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

思路点拨:考查there be句型。句意:冰箱里还有一些牛奶，今天没有必要去商店。milk是不可数名词，因此应该用is。

同类变式2 — any students in the classroom when the earthquake happened?

一Yes, but they have been saved.

A. There were B. Was there C. There are D. Were there

精彩笔记3 以副词、介词短语开头的倒装句

here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词或表示方位的介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时，要用倒装句。而谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如:

Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出去了。

There comes a woman.那边过来了一位妇女。

In front of my house stands a tall tree.我的房子前面有棵大树。

核心题根3 (1) from the fifth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.

A. Jumped down the muderer(凶犯) B. Down the murderer jumped

C. The murderer jumping down D. Down jumped the murderer

思路点拨:句意:当警察用枪指着凶犯时，他从第五层楼跳下去了。本题考查全部倒装。down是表示方向的副词，在句首时，句子的谓语动词jumped要放在the murderer之前。

(2) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River(长江)and Dialing River ，one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies

C. does lies Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

思路点拨:句意:中国十大城市之一重庆位于长江和嘉陵江汇合之处。Chongqing是主语，one of the ten...China是Chongqing的同位语，lies是谓语动词，at the meeting ... Dialing River是介词短语作地点状语。一目了然，作地点状语的介词短语提前到句首，以使句子平衡或突出状语，谓语动词是be, stand, lie等。这样的句子要全部倒装。

同类变式3 (1) Hey, Nick. comes the last bus! Hurry up，or we'll have to walk home.

A. This B. There

C. That D. It

(2) Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away .

A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief

C. the thief was fleeing D. fled(flee的过去式)the thief

(3)一Where is the report? 一 .

A. There it is B. There is it

C. There the report is D. Is the report there

易错警示

如果主语不是名词，是人称代词，就不必倒装。如:

The door opened, in came a policeman.(主语是名词，倒装)

The door opened, in he came.(主语是代词he，不倒装)

知识归纳

在表示方向的副词如down, up, in, out, over, back. off, away等作状语位于句首时，如果谓语动词是jump, come, go, rush等不及物动词，句子要全部倒装，即谓语动词全部放在主语前面。

精彩笔记4

当句首的状语是only+副词，only+介词短语或状语从句时，主句要部分倒装。即只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语前。如:

Only by practice can we improve our spoken English.只有通过练习，我们才能提高英语口语水平。

核心题根4 (1) Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I love them.

A. I realized B. I had realized

C. had I realized D. did I realize

思路点拨:句意:只有离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我是多么爱他们。Only后可接状语从句，还可接介词短语和副词，在这种结构中，主句应该部分倒装。C项had I realized是过去完成时，表示realize这个动作发生在left之前，显然错误。

(2) by keeping down costs(成本)will Power Data(公司的名字)hold its advantage over other companies.

A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet

思路点拨:句意:只有通过保持低成本，Power Data才能保持超过其他公司的优势。副词only及其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

同类变式4 after a long walk did they reach the railway station at midnight.

A. Shortly B. When

C. Only D. Just

精彩笔记5 what引导的感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。

(1) What+a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!

(2)What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式十主语+谓语!

(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:

What sweet water it is!多甜的水呀!

核心题根5 (1) a strange plant! I've never seen it before.

A. Which B. What

C. How D. Whether

思路点拨:句意:多么奇异的植物啊!我以前从来没有见过它。可先排除A,D项，因为Which和Whether不能引领感叹句。修饰单数可数名词时感叹句的句型为:What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! 或:How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!

(2) we have today !

A. A fine weather B. What a fine weather

C. How a fine weather D. What fine weather

思路点拨:句意:今天的天气多么好啊!注意weather是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词，此时感叹句的结构为:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

同类变式5 (1) wonderful furniture! Congratulations to you on moving into such a nice house.

A. How B. What C. What a

(2) The robot can help me sweep the floor. smart invention it is t

A. What B. What a

C. What an D. How

方法技巧

如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句?

方法一:凡是有a, an开头的，多用what。

方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what。

方法三:其他一般用how。

精彩笔记6 how引导的感叹句

(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!

How interesting the dog is!多么有趣的狗呀!

(2)How+形容词+a /an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!

How useful a subject it is!多么有用的一门科目呀!

(3)How+主语+谓语!

How time flies!时间过得真快呀!

核心题根6 —So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. — he runs！

A. How slow B. How fast

C. What a slow D. What a fast

思路点拨:句意:一到目前为止，苏炳添是用不足10秒完成一百米比赛的唯一的中国人。一他跑得好快啊!“fast”是副词，修饰谓语动词runs，把句子还原成陈述句很容易看出句子的结构:He runs fast. “What”后只接名词或名词性的词组，其余一律用how，即How+adj. /adv.+主语+谓语。

同类变式6 (1)— exciting the movie is!

—Sure, I have seen it three times.

A. What B. What an C. How D. How an

(2) role she played in the movie! That's why she has a lot of fans.

A. How interesting B. How an interesting

C. What interesting D. What an interesting

拓展链接

一些特殊形式的感叹句:

(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。

He runs so fast!他跑得真快呀!

Do read it carefully!一定要仔细阅读!

(2)用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句。

Wonderful!好极了!

Look out!小心!

Great!太棒了!

(3)以there, here等副词开头的感叹句。

There she is!她在那儿!

There goes the bell!铃响了!

精彩笔记7 英语句法中的重锤鼓—强调句式

强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。

(1)用“助动词do ( does /did)+动词原形”来表示强调。

I did come here yesterday.我昨天确实来这儿了。

Do remember to turn off the light when you leave.你离开时一定要记得把灯关了。

(2)用强调句型“It is /was+被强调的部分十that /who+句子剩余部分”来强调说话人的意愿。

It is he that /who has helped me a lot.就是他帮了我很多忙。

It was this book that cost me 50 yuan yesterday.就是这本书昨天花了我五十元。

核心题根7 根据要求把下面的句子改为强调句式。

一般的陈述句式:He read three books in the library yesterday.他昨天在图书馆看了三本书。

(1)强调主语:

(2)强调宾语:

(3)强调地点状语:

(4)强调时间状语:

思路点拨:①“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”的强调句式，关键是先要确定被强调的部分，然后根据被强调的部分来选择句式中用that或是who 。②当被强调的部分指人时用who或that;指物时只能用that,强调状语时只用that，不用when/where 。

同类变式7 (1)—Have you ever seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree(山植树之恋)?—Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.

A. that B. where C. when D. which

(2) An awful accident , however, occur(发生)the other day.

A. does B. did C. has to D. had to

(3) It was along Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much time of his childhood.

A. how B. which C. that D. where

方法技巧

(1)被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。

(2)当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who;指物时，只用that。

(3)强调状语时，只用that，不用when, where。

(4)一般疑问句的强调句为“Is/Was it ... +that... ?”;特殊疑问句的强调句为“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that...?”。

Was it on Sunday that you went to Beijing?你是在星期天去的北京吗?

When is it that you will set off?你将在什么时候出发?

(5)“not... until...”句型的强调结构为“It is not until... that...”，注意把否定词not转移到until前面。

I didn't go home until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才回家。

强调句为:It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.

精彩笔记8 英语句法中的懒虫—省略句式

英语中，为了避免重复，常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分，这样的句子叫省略句。

1.简单句中的省略

在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子主语。省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中经常出现。

2.并列句中的省略

在并列句中，相同的成分如主语、谓语、宾语等都可以省略。

On weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes.周末，我必须打扫房间和洗衣服。

3.复合句中的省略

(1)在定语从句中，引导词作从句宾语时可以省略。

Most of my friends like loud music ( that ) they can dance to.我大部分的朋友都喜欢能跟着跳舞的响亮的音乐。

The man ( who ) we met yesterday is our new English teacher.我们昨天见到的那个人是我们的新英语老师。

(2)状语从句中的省略。

We'll go to help you if necessary.如果有必要我们就去帮你。

(3)如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。

We will do what we can (do) to help you.我们将尽我们所能去帮助你。

核心题根8 (1)—Excuse me，do you have the time? 一 .

A. Yes，I do B. Of course, I have

C. A quarter to ten D. No problem

思路点拨:一劳驾，几点钟了?一差一刻十点(9:45)。本题考查对话中简单句的省略。首先要明白问话的意思。a quarter to ten即:It's a quarter to ten.

(2)Though he started late, Mr Guo played the piano as well as，if ，Miss Liu.

A. not better than B. not better

C. no better than D. no better

思路点拨:本题考查if条件句中的省略。完整的句子为if he doesn't play the piano better than Miss Liu。只有A项可以是这个条件句的省略形式。

同类变式8 (1) What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.

A. the way B. in the way that

C. in the way D. the way which

(2)—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?

— .

A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went there alone

C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way

方法技巧

(1)明确省略句的特点:没有上文它就没有生命，它植根于上文。

(2)联系语境，整句还原。

跟踪练习

1.So diligently that he was finally admitted to Wuhan Foreign

Languages School.

A. he studied B. he did study

C. studied he D. did he study

2.一I've just been to my first language class.一Oh really? . Which

language are you studying?

A. So do I B. So have I

C. So I do D. So I have

3.— Liu Tao has never read the book The Adventure of Tom Sawyer，

he?

一 . He told me it was very interesting. He'd like to read it again.

A. hasn't; No，he hasn't

B. has; Yes，he has

C. hasn't; Yes，he has

D. has; No，he hasn't

4.—Do you go cycling every day?一Yes， a little exercise. I am so

out of shape.

A. getting B. get

C. got D. to get

5.—Helen, lovely sheep they are! Do you like them? 一Very much.

A. What a B. What

C. How D. How a

6. Private cars have caused serious transportation problems in our city， ?

A. have they B. haven't they

C. don't they D. do they

7.—After reading the stories about Lei Feng，I was very .

一 . He was really warm-hearted.

A. relaxed; So was I B. impressing; So did T

C. impressed; So was I D. relaxing; So I did

8. ，we would have finished the work on time.

A. Had Jim come B. Jim had come

C. If had Jim come D. If Jim has come

9. There is little doubt(怀疑)in your mind that he is innocent(清白的)， ?

A. is there B. isn't there

C. is he D. isn't he

10. It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ，we'd better take

it to the garage(修理厂)immediately.

A. Otherwise B. If not

C. But for that D. If so

11.—So you gave her your phone?一，she said she'd return it to me

when she could afford her own.

A. My pleasure B. Not exactly

C. No doubt D. All right

12. Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious than mobile

phones do.

A. one B. ones

C. it D. those

13.一Will you be able to finish your report today?一 .

A. I like it B. I hope so

C. I'll do so D. I'd love it

14.一 Why，this is nothing but common vegetable soup!

一，madam. It's our soup of the day.

A. Let me see B. So it is

C. Don't mention it D. Neither do I

15. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police .

A. not to do B. not to

C. not do D. do not

16. at the photos, illustrations, title and heading and you can guess what the reading is about.

A. To look B. Looking

C. Having looked D. Look

参考答案

核心题根1:(1)A (2)A (3)C

同类变式1:(1)D (2)B (3)A

核心题根2:B

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