语法填空——纯空格题的解题技巧(一)

Learning aims: To master the usages of grammar points.

Important point: To master the skills of doing grammar exercises.

【使用说明和学法指导】

预习案  Previewing Case

一、试题链接：13周周测“语法填空”（完成以下空格并判断词性）

1. But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between   20  .（      词） 

2. If the host or hostess comes to fetch their guest for dinner in a car, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat free, as the host or hostess is also   21  driver.（      词）

3. Anyhow,    25    is believed that women are still respected in many ways in the Western countries. （      词）

二、揭示高考命题规律：2008—2013年以来，高考语法填空纯空格题每篇设置6空，且六年来只考查了代词、冠词、介词和关联词4种词。具体分布为：代词：1-2题；冠词0-1题；介词1-2题；关联词2-3题。

三、冠词：不定冠词___/an, 定冠词_____

四、代词:

1、人称代词：主格I, _____, he, she, it, _____, you, they

             宾格____, you, him, ____, it, us, you, them

2、形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, _____, our, your, _____

3、名词性物主代词：_____, yours, his, hers, its, ______, yours, theirs

4、反身代词：myself, yourself, _______, herself, itself, _______, yourselves, themselves

5、指示代词：______, that, these, ______

6、不定代词：each, one, many, (a) few, both, another, either, neither, much, (a)little, all, some, none, such, any, other, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything

7、it的用法：作形式主语或_______，替代后面的作真正的______或宾语的不定式、动名词或_______。

五、介词：at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with, onto, into, within, behind, before, back, after, about, above，beyond

六、划分句子主要成分（判断以下划线成分为主语、动宾、介宾或表语）：

1. English songs have been very popular for people around the world for many decades.

 （           ）            （      ） （      ）    （       ）  （          ）                   

2. Some people choose English songs to be their main learning method,

  （         ）      （           ）     

but most of them fail.

   （          ）

探究案 Exploring case

探究一：解题方法探究（注意下划线的提示）

Exploring Ⅰ

1. Last Monday morning, _____ was cycling along a street in the rush hour on my way to an interview for an important job.  （句子缺主语，根据my可知用人称代词主格）

2. He taught himself medicine, so sometimes people called _____ Doctor Goldsmith.  (called 后面缺宾语, 根据句中主语he，应填人称代词宾格)

3. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_____.  （relax后面缺宾语，根据relax的逻辑主语是I，应填反身代词）

4. For this reason, _____would be appropriate to use radio to advertise goods and services relating to cars.    (空格内容作形式主语，替代后面的不定式)

→探究解题规律一： 当句子缺主语或______时，可填人称代词的_____或宾格、_____代词等；如果所缺主语或宾语后接不定式，动名词或从句，应填_____。

Exploring Ⅱ

1. In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, __ __ 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table.  （空格后8-year-old boy作主语（Tom的同位语）,修饰第一次出现的人/物，用不定冠词）

2. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and__  __ meanings, studying the dictionary and so on.  （空格后meaning和long lists of words同作learning的宾语，再根据meaning和words是从属关系，判断用形容词性物主代词代词）

3. So almost at the same moment__  __the antelope and the lion jump to their feet, and start running toward the rising sun.  （antelope和lion前已有the, 指“两者都”且表“肯定”用不定代词）

4. You are properly a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any__ __time of the year.  （空格后的time作at的宾语，根据spring和than, 得知指一年中的其它任何时候，用不定代词）

→探究解题规律二：空格后接名词，且该名词作主语、宾语或表语，可填_____词、___________或不定代词。

Exploring Ⅲ

1. There are some reasons__1__ it. （空格后的it不是作主语或宾语，又根据reason的搭配）

2. He was very tired ___2____ doing this for a whole day. (doing...不作主语或宾语，根据be tired...doing sth的搭配)

3. It is easy for you to find out some information__3__the programmes.

（the programmes不作主语或宾语，根据information和programmes的逻辑关系。）

→探究解题规律三：当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作______也不是作动词的宾语时，填_____词，再根据上下文和搭配确定用哪个.

探究二：当堂巩固

规律一： 当句子缺主语或宾语时, 填_____代词、______代词；指代不定式，动名词或从句，填_____.

1. Jia Sixie(贾思勰), living in the 6th century AD, was one of the farming pioneers(先驱者).____studied how to keep seeds, how to improve soil conditions and so on.   （句子缺____语，指代__________，用_____）

2. As a result, the westerners usually become very fat and have bad teeth, and many of _____ even die at an early age from heart illnesses.   (of后缺____语，指代____________,填_______)

3. I ride my bike, my parents won’t let me ride by _______.   (by后缺____语，指代_________，用______)

4. _____ is known to all that the Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world.  （句子缺____语，替代后面的______从句，用_____）

规律二：空格后接名词，且该名词作主语、宾语或表语时, 填______,______,_______.

1. It was considered to be____ important summary of farming knowledge.

   (空格后接名词summary作表语, 译为______个重要的总结，填____)

2. We are all busy talking about and using _____ Internet, but how many of us know the history of it?   （空格后接名词作宾语，Internet是专有名词，用_____）

3. 32 people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows.She was____  neighbor.(空格后接neighbor作表语，根据she和_________的关系，填____)

4. Yet_____ of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.

  (根据后一句“________...”,用______代词)

规律三：当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语也不是作动词的宾语时,填_______.

1. After he finished his work for the government, he spent his time_____his research into agriculture.  （空格后的名词his research不作主语和宾语，故填____词，又根据spend的搭配：spend 时间、金钱_____sth./sb.）

2. It is rich_____fiber and low in sugar and fat. （空格后的名词fiber不作主语和宾语，故填介词，又根据rich的搭配：be rich_____ sth.）

3. In order to join the NBA, he put in every effort to strengthen his muscle, to improve his skills_____training hard.（根据to improve his skills和training hard的逻辑关系。）

4. For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student may guess the correct answer______ really knowing the material.

（上文的not very satisfactory，再根据may guess the correct answer和really  knowing the material的逻辑关系。）

训练案   Training case  

1、熟记《预习案》冠词、代词和介词的用法；

2、判断以下空格填哪个冠词、代词或介词，并判断词性：

(1)

___1__ is known to all that the Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest  in the world because it contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is rich__2__fiber and low in sugar and fat.

How about the Western food? It has too much fat in ___3___form of potato chips, chocolate and so on. It is also rich in sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks, etc. As a result, the westerners usually become very fat and have bad teeth, and many of ___4__ even die at an early age  _5  heart illnesses. 

1._____(     词) 2._____(      ) 3.______(      )4._____(      )5._____(       )

(2)

It is known to all, Chinais a large country of agriculture. Science of farming was first studied here.

Jia Sixie(贾思勰), living__1__the 6th century AD, was one of the farming pioneers(先驱者). After he finished his work for the government, he spent his time__2__his research into agriculture.__3__studied how to keep seeds, how to improve soil conditions and so on.

During the years 533-544, he wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu, which is about ___4___ farming and gardening, including advice on how to grow green vegetables, how to keep fish in lakes, and so on. It was considered to be__5__important summary of farming knowledge.

1._____(     词) 2._____(      ) 3.______(      )4._____(      )5._____(       )